An adsorbent is provided which can improve the fluorine adsorption capacity and the breakthrough time compared with conventional adsorbents, particularly an adsorbent which can be suitably used as a fluorine adsorbent. The adsorbent comprises rare earth compound particles comprising a rare earth oxycarbonate or a hydrate thereof.

Provided is a thermal spraying material capable of forming a thermally sprayed coating film having improved plasma erosion resistance. The invention disclosed here provides a thermal spraying material. This thermal spraying material comprises composite particles in which a plurality of yttrium fluoride microparticles are integrated. In addition, the compressive strength of the composite particles is 5 MPa or more.

A material synthesis method may comprise: adding at least one liquid precursor solution to an atomizer device; generating by the atomizer device an aerosol comprising liquid droplets; transporting the aerosol to a reactive zone for evaporating one or more solvents from the aerosol; and collecting particles synthesized from at least evaporating the aerosol.

Provided are surface-modified metal compound particles comprising metal compound particles which are surface-modified with one or more types of carboxylic acid selected from a methacrylic acid, an acrylic acid, and a propionic acid, and a 12-hydroxystearic acid, wherein a portion or all of the one or more types of carboxylic acid selected from a methacrylic acid, an acrylic acid, and a propionic acid is a carboxylic acid (protonated) type.

Provided are surface-modified metal compound particles comprising metal compound particles which are surface-modified with one or more types of carboxylic acid selected from a methacrylic acid, an acrylic acid, and a propionic acid, and a 12-hydroxystearic acid, wherein a portion or all of the one or more types of carboxylic acid selected from a methacrylic acid, an acrylic acid, and a propionic acid is a carboxylic acid (protonated) type.

The present disclosure discloses a method for growing a crystal in oxygen atmosphere. The method may include compensating a weight of a reactant, introducing a flowing gas, improving a volume ratio of oxygen during a cooling process, providing a heater in a temperature field, and optimizing parameters. According to the method, problems may be solved, for example, cracking and component deviation of the crystal during a crystal growth process, and without oxygen-free vacancy. The method for growing the crystal may have excellent repeatability and crystal performance consistency.

Proposed is an yttrium-based granular powder for thermal spraying. The yttrium-based granular powder includes at least one yttrium compound powder selected from the group consisting of Y.sub.2O.sub.3, YOF, YF.sub.3, Y.sub.4Al.sub.2O.sub.9, Y.sub.3Al.sub.5O.sub.12, and YAlO.sub.3, and a silica (SiO.sub.2) powder. The yttrium-based granular powder is prepared by mixing the yttrium compound powder having a mean grain diameter of 50 nm to 900 nm and the silica powder having a mean grain diameter of 50 nm to 900 nm. The yttrium-based granular powder includes less than 10 wt % of a Y—Si—O mesophase. A thermal spray coating produced using the yttrium-based granular powder can exhibit low porosity, high density, and excellent plasma resistance.

The present invention provides a thermal spraying material capable of forming a thermally sprayed coating film having improved plasma erosion resistance. This thermal spraying material contains composite particles in which a plurality of yttrium fluoride microparticles are integrated. This thermal spraying material has a lightness L of 91 or less in the Lab color space. This lightness L is more preferably 5 or more.

The present invention relates to a bio-electrode for current measurement including silicon carbide (SiC) doped at least partially with nitrogen (N). The bio-electrode for current measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention is a bio-electrode for a current measurement which is contact with an object to be analyzed, which generates a current signal by an electrochemical reaction, and includes silicon carbide (SiC) doped at least partially with nitrogen (N). The electrode may be used in a high-sensitive bio-quantification kit, a high-sensitive bio-quantification device, and an immunoassay device.

The present invention relates to a bio-electrode for current measurement including silicon carbide (SiC) doped at least partially with nitrogen (N). The bio-electrode for current measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention is a bio-electrode for a current measurement which is contact with an object to be analyzed, which generates a current signal by an electrochemical reaction, and includes silicon carbide (SiC) doped at least partially with nitrogen (N). The electrode may be used in a high-sensitive bio-quantification kit, a high-sensitive bio-quantification device, and an immunoassay device.