A starting material powder, which contains a rare earth oxide that is composed of terbium oxide and at least one other rare earth oxide selected from among yttrium oxide, scandium oxide and oxides of lanthanide rare earth elements (excluding terbium) and a sintering assistant that is formed of an oxide of at least one element selected from among group 2 elements and group 4 elements, is produced by having (a) terbium ions, (b) ions of at least one other rare earth element selected from among yttrium ions, scandium ions and lanthanide rare earth ions (excluding terbium ions) and (c) ions of at least one element selected from among group 2 elements and group 4 elements coprecipitate in an aqueous solution containing the components (a)-(c), then filtering and separating the coprecipitate, and subjecting the separated coprecipitate to thermal dehydration.

A starting material powder, which contains a rare earth oxide that is composed of terbium oxide and at least one other rare earth oxide selected from among yttrium oxide, scandium oxide and oxides of lanthanide rare earth elements (excluding terbium) and a sintering assistant that is formed of an oxide of at least one element selected from among group 2 elements and group 4 elements, is produced by having (a) terbium ions, (b) ions of at least one other rare earth element selected from among yttrium ions, scandium ions and lanthanide rare earth ions (excluding terbium ions) and (c) ions of at least one element selected from among group 2 elements and group 4 elements coprecipitate in an aqueous solution containing the components (a)-(c), then filtering and separating the coprecipitate, and subjecting the separated coprecipitate to thermal dehydration.

A method for producing oxide particles with controlled color characteristics and to provide oxide particles with controlled color characteristics includes controlling color characteristics of the oxide particles by controlling the ratio of M-OH bonds, the binding of one or more different elements (M) other than oxygen or hydrogen with hydroxyl group (OH), in oxide particles selected from metal oxide particles and metalloid oxide particles. Oxide particles having controlled color characteristics of any one of reflectance, transmittance, molar absorption coefficient, hue, or color saturation can be provided by controlling the percentage of the M-OH bonds contained in metal oxide particles or metalloid oxide particles.

The present invention relates to cerium oxide particles that have excellent heat resistance especially useful for catalysts, functional ceramics, solid electrolyte for fuel cells, polishing, ultraviolet absorbers and the like, and particularly suitable for use as a catalyst or co-catalyst material, for instance in catalysis for purifying vehicle exhaust gas. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing such cerium oxide particles, and a catalyst, such as for purifying exhaust gas, utilizing these cerium oxide particles.

With an aim to provide an oxide particle with controlled color characteristics, the present invention provides a method for producing an oxide particle, wherein the color characteristics of the oxide particle are controlled by controlling a M-OH bond/M-O bond ratio, which is a ratio of a M-OH bond between an element (M) and a hydroxide group (OH) to a ratio of an M-O bond between the element (M) and oxygen (O), where the element (M) is one or plural different elements other than oxygen or hydrogen included in the oxide particle selected from metal oxide particles and semi-metal oxide particles. According to the present invention, by controlling the M-OH bond/M-O bond ratio of the metal oxide particle or the semi-metal oxide particle, the oxide particle with controlled color characteristics of any of reflectance, transmittance, molar absorption coefficient, hue, and saturation can be provided.

The present disclosure discloses a method for growing a crystal in oxygen atmosphere. The method may include compensating a weight of a reactant, introducing a flowing gas, improving a volume ratio of oxygen during a cooling process, providing a heater in a temperature field, and optimizing parameters. According to the method, problems may be solved, for example, cracking and component deviation of the crystal during a crystal growth process, and without oxygen-free vacancy. The method for growing the crystal may have excellent repeatability and crystal performance consistency.

The present disclosure discloses a method for growing a crystal in oxygen atmosphere. The method may include compensating a weight of a reactant, introducing a flowing gas, improving a volume ratio of oxygen during a cooling process, providing a heater in a temperature field, and optimizing parameters. According to the method, problems may be solved, for example, cracking and component deviation of the crystal during a crystal growth process, and without oxygen-free vacancy. The method for growing the crystal may have excellent repeatability and crystal performance consistency.

In an embodiment, a metal or metal-ion battery cell, includes anode and cathode electrodes, a separator electrically separating the anode and the cathode, and a solid electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode, wherein the solid electrolyte comprises a material having one or more rearrangeable chalcogen-metal-hydrogen groups that are configured to transport at least one metal-ion or metal-ion mixture through the solid electrolyte, wherein the solid electrolyte exhibits a melting point below about 350° C. In an example, the solid electrolyte may be produced by mixing different dry metal-ion compositions together, arranging the mixture inside of a mold, and heating the mixture while arranged inside of the mold at least to a melting point (e.g., below about 350° C.) of the mixture so as to produce a material comprising one or more rearrangeable chalcogen-metal-hydrogen groups.

In an embodiment, a metal or metal-ion battery cell, includes anode and cathode electrodes, a separator electrically separating the anode and the cathode, and a solid electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode, wherein the solid electrolyte comprises a material having one or more rearrangeable chalcogen-metal-hydrogen groups that are configured to transport at least one metal-ion or metal-ion mixture through the solid electrolyte, wherein the solid electrolyte exhibits a melting point below about 350° C. In an example, the solid electrolyte may be produced by mixing different dry metal-ion compositions together, arranging the mixture inside of a mold, and heating the mixture while arranged inside of the mold at least to a melting point (e.g., below about 350° C.) of the mixture so as to produce a material comprising one or more rearrangeable chalcogen-metal-hydrogen groups.

The invention relates to a method for producing a scandium-containing concentrate from the wastes of alumina production and extracting high-purity scandium oxide from the same. Provided is a method for producing a scandium-containing concentrate from a red mud, wherein the Sc.sub.2O.sub.3 content therein is least of 15 wt. %, the TiO.sub.2 content not more than 3 wt. %, the ZrO.sub.2 content not more than 15 wt. %, and wherein scandium in the concentrate is in form of a mixture of Sc(OH).sub.3 hydroxide with ScOHCO.sub.3.4H.sub.2O. Also provided is a method for producing high-purity scandium oxide, with a purity of approximately 99 wt. %.