This invention proposes a multifunctional topical composition that integrates halogen-functionalized fullerenes (halo-fullerenes and halo-endofullerenes) and metallic nanoparticles (NPs) to provide comprehensive skin protection and sanitizing, cosmetic enhancement and in some embodiments, treatment for various conditions. Leveraging the atomic scale and physical characteristics of halogenated fullerenes for deeper tissue penetration, the composition can provide antioxidant, antimicrobial, and UV protective benefits to foster cellular integrity, proliferation, and differentiation as healthy tissue. The proposed formulation can penetrate the stratum corneum and diffuse into underlying skin layers due to atomic-scale NPs that can readily deliver active ingredients through the skin via the pores of sweat glands; the lipid matrix of the stratum corneum; and hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and pilosebaceous pores. This composition uses stable inorganic antibacterial agents with a robust safety profile. Furthermore, it can provide UV protection from harmful radiation. The formulation comprises active ingredients that are specific, safe, stable and effectiveand can be produced economically, making it suitable for a broad range of skin protection, sanitizing, enhancement and therapeutic products that promote skin health and wellbeing.

This invention proposes a multifunctional topical composition that integrates halogen-functionalized fullerenes (halo-fullerenes and halo-endofullerenes) and metallic nanoparticles (NPs) to provide comprehensive skin protection and sanitizing, cosmetic enhancement and in some embodiments, treatment for various conditions. Leveraging the atomic scale and physical characteristics of halogenated fullerenes for deeper tissue penetration, the composition can provide antioxidant, antimicrobial, and UV protective benefits to foster cellular integrity, proliferation, and differentiation as healthy tissue. The proposed formulation can penetrate the stratum corneum and diffuse into underlying skin layers due to atomic-scale NPs that can readily deliver active ingredients through the skin via the pores of sweat glands; the lipid matrix of the stratum corneum; and hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and pilosebaceous pores. This composition uses stable inorganic antibacterial agents with a robust safety profile. Furthermore, it can provide UV protection from harmful radiation. The formulation comprises active ingredients that are specific, safe, stable and effectiveand can be produced economically, making it suitable for a broad range of skin protection, sanitizing, enhancement and therapeutic products that promote skin health and wellbeing.

Gold and silver are recovered selectively such that gold and silver are separated from non-silver and non-gold material within the scrap. Gold and silver are recovered from scrap material using mixtures of acids, in some instances. The mixture comprises nitric acid and at least one supplemental acid, such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid. The amount of nitric acid within the mixture are relatively small compared to the amount of sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid within the mixture. The recovery of gold and silver using the acid mixtures are enhanced by transporting an electric current between an electrode and the gold and silver of the scrap material. Acid mixtures are used to recover silver from particular types of scrap materials, such as scrap material comprising silver metal and cadmium oxide and scrap material comprising silver metal and tungsten metal.

Nanoplatelet forms of metal hydroxide and metal oxide are provided, as well as methods for preparing same. The nanoplatelets are suitable for use as fire retardants and as agents for chemical or biological decontamination.

Nanoplatelet forms of metal hydroxide and metal oxide are provided, as well as methods for preparing same. The nanoplatelets are suitable for use as fire retardants and as agents for chemical or biological decontamination.

A device including a near field transducer, the near field transducer including gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), or aluminum (Al), and at least two other secondary atoms, the at least two other secondary atoms selected from: boron (B), bismuth (Bi), indium (In), sulfur (S), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), manganese (Mn), tellurium (Te), holmium (Ho), lutetium (Lu), praseodymium (Pr), scandium (Sc), uranium (U), barium (Ba), chlorine (Cl), cesium (Cs), dysprosium (Dy), europium (Eu), fluorine (F), germanium (Ge), hydrogen (H), iodine (I), rubidium (Rb), selenium (Se), terbium (Tb), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), carbon (C), antimony (Sb), gadolinium (Gd), samarium (Sm), thallium (Tl), cadmium (Cd), neodymium (Nd), phosphorus (P), lead (Pb), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), erbium (Er), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), palladium (Pd), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), calcium (Ca), yttrium (Y), thorium (Th), beryllium (Be), thulium (Tm), erbium (Er), ytterbium (Yb), promethium (Pm), neodymium (Nd cobalt (Co), cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), praseodymium (Pr), or combinations thereof.

A method for producing a noble metal fine particle-supported catalyst includes: a step of mixing a noble metal salt, an alcohol having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and a support to form a mixture; and a heating step of the mixture at a temperature of 150 C. or higher and 800 C. or lower to produce a noble metal fine particle-supported catalyst.

Provided is a water-swelling layered double hydroxide characterized by having an organic sulfonic acid anion (A.sup.) between layers, and by being represented by the below mentioned general formula (1): Q.sub.ZR(OH).sub.2(Z+1)(A.sup.).sub.(1y)(X.sup.n).sub.y/n.mH.sub.2O . . . (1). Here, Q is a divalent metal, R is a trivalent metal, A.sup. is an organic sulfonic acid anion, m is a real number greater than 0, and z is in the range of 1.8z4.2. X.sup.n is the n-valent anion remaining without A.sup. substitution, n is 1 or 2, y represents the remaining portion of X.sup.n, and 0y<0.4.

A method for measuring cancer related substances including cancer cell-derived free DNA by Raman spectroscopy, involving steps for preparing a biochip having a meso-crystal region of silver oxides containing a silver peroxide, adding a blood serum or a biological sample solution dropwise onto the meso-crystal region of said biochip, selectively trapping the cancer-related substances having a positive charge in the sample, irradiating the trapped cancer-related substance with an exciting laser light and detecting a surface enhanced Raman scattering therefrom, wherein cancer diseases are evaluated on the basis of the intensity of the Surface Enhance Raman Scattering (SERS). In the carbon-specific D band and G band in the Raman scattering spectrum, a characteristic peak spectrum of the cancer-related substance can be detected in the proximity of the methyl group characteristic of 2900 cm.sup.1.

Particular embodiments may provide an anode material, comprising a compound of formula Li.sub.2XY, wherein: X and Y are each independently a metal atom or a metalloid atom; the anode material has a discharge potential of less than about 0.4 V vs. Li/Li.sup.+; and the molar ratio of Li:X:Y is 2:1:1.