Materials are presented of the formula: A.sub.x M.sub.y M.sup.i.sub.zi O.sub.2d, where A is sodium or a mixed alkali metal including sodium as a major constituent; x>0; M is a metal or germanium; y>0; M.sup.i, for i=1, 2, 3 . . . n, is a transition metal or an alkali metal; z.sub.i0 for each i=1, 2, 3 . . . n; 0<d0.5; the values of x, y, z.sub.i and d are such as to maintain charge neutrality; and the values of x, y, z.sub.i and d are such that x+y+z.sub.i>2d. The formula includes compounds that are oxygen deficient. Further the oxidation states may or may not be integers i.e. they may be whole numbers or fractions or a combination of whole numbers and fractions and may be averaged over different crystallographic sites in the material. Such materials are useful, for example, as electrode materials in rechargeable battery applications. Also presented is a method of preparing a compound having the formula A.sub.x M.sub.y M.sup.i.sub.zi O.sub.2d.

Materials are presented of the formula: A.sub.x M.sub.y M.sup.i.sub.zi O.sub.2d, where A is sodium or a mixed alkali metal including sodium as a major constituent; x>0; M is a metal or germanium; y>0; M.sup.i, for i=1, 2, 3 . . . n, is a transition metal or an alkali metal; z.sub.i0 for each i=1, 2, 3 . . . n; 0<d0.5; the values of x, y, z.sub.i and d are such as to maintain charge neutrality; and the values of x, y, z.sub.i and d are such that x+y+z.sub.i>2d. The formula includes compounds that are oxygen deficient. Further the oxidation states may or may not be integers i.e. they may be whole numbers or fractions or a combination of whole numbers and fractions and may be averaged over different crystallographic sites in the material. Such materials are useful, for example, as electrode materials in rechargeable battery applications. Also presented is a method of preparing a compound having the formula A.sub.x M.sub.y M.sup.i.sub.zi O.sub.2d.

A thermoelectric material containing a dichalcogenide compound represented by Formula 1 and having low thermoelectric conductivity and high Seebeck coefficient:
R.sub.aT.sub.bX.sub.2-nY.sub.n(1) wherein R is a rare earth element, T includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group 1 elements, Group 2 elements, and a transition metal, X includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of S, Se, and Te, Y is different from X and includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of S, Se, Te, P, As, Sb, Bi, C, Si, Ge, Sn, B, Al, Ga and In, a is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1, b is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1, and n is greater than or equal to 0 and less than 2.

A method of extracting germanium from a germanium deposit using a thermal reduction process is disclosed. The present disclosure relates to a method of extracting germanium, which belongs to the field of metallurgy technologies of nonferrous metal, and particularly relates to a method of extracting germanium from a germanium deposit through thermal reduction, volatilization and concentration using sodium monophosphate as a reducing agent. The method of the present disclosure includes: adding sodium monophosphate to a germanium deposit; isolating from air; increasing the temperature and baking the germanium deposit; and obtaining a germanium concentrate after volatilization and concentration of the germanium deposit. Through baking the germanium deposit at 1,000 C., volatilization and concentration of the germanium deposit, the germanium recycling rate exceeds 96% when sodium monophosphate weighing 2.5% of the germanium depositis added. The present disclosure solves the following problems in the prior arts: existing pyrogenic methods for concentrating and extracting germanium from germanium deposits can hardly achieve a germanium recycling rate of greater than 75%; secondary pyrogenic recycling methods for extracting germanium slag have excessively high production cost and yield low germanium recycling rates; and the cost of hydrometallurgical treatment methods for low-grade germanium concentrates is too high.

A laminate of layered substances each containing two or more kinds of elements as constituent elements is contained in an ionic liquid containing a specific cation, and the ionic liquid containing the laminate is irradiated with one or both of sonic waves and electric waves.

A laminate of layered substances each containing two or more kinds of elements as constituent elements is contained in an ionic liquid containing a specific cation, and the ionic liquid containing the laminate is irradiated with one or both of sonic waves and electric waves.

An oxide represented by Formula 1:
(Sr.sub.2xA.sub.x)(M.sub.1yQ.sub.y)D.sub.2O.sub.7+d,Formula 1
wherein A is barium (Ba), M is at least one selected from magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca), Q is a Group 13 element, D is at least one selected from silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), 0x2.0, 0<y1.0, and d is a value which makes the oxide electrically neutral.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing germane gas and a method for preparing monogermane gas using same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing germane gas, capable of stably producing a large amount of monogermane gas by mixing starting materials in short time and removing reaction heat at the same time using a reactor having a microstructured channel, and a method for preparing monogermane gas using same. In accordance with the present disclosure, it is easy to control rapid increase of reaction temperature and pressure during mass production of germane gas. Accordingly, monogermane gas can be produced in large scale with high yield.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing germane gas and a method for preparing monogermane gas using same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing germane gas, capable of stably producing a large amount of monogermane gas by mixing starting materials in short time and removing reaction heat at the same time using a reactor having a microstructured channel, and a method for preparing monogermane gas using same. In accordance with the present disclosure, it is easy to control rapid increase of reaction temperature and pressure during mass production of germane gas. Accordingly, monogermane gas can be produced in large scale with high yield.

The invention relates to a mixed-anion solid electrolyte, having the following chemical formula: Li.sub.dAl.sub.1cY.sub.cCl.sub.3aX.sub.b, wherein Y is selected from at least one of Si.sup.4+, Ge.sup.4+, Sn.sup.4+, Sb.sup.5+, Nb.sup.5+, Ta.sup.5+, Mo.sup.6+, and W.sup.6+, and X is selected from at least one of O.sup.2, S.sup.2, F.sup., Br.sup., I.sup., and BH.sup.4; and wherein 0<d2, 0<b2, 0<a2, 0<c<0.75 and charge balance is reached.