The invention provides a process for the preparation of bismuth oxyhalide, comprising a precipitation of bismuth oxyhalide in an acidic aqueous medium in the presence of a reducing agent. Also provided are bismuth oxyhalide compounds doped with elemental bismuth Bi.sup.(0). The use of Bi.sup.(0) doped bismuth oxyhalide as photocatalysts in water purification is also described.

The present disclosure provides a photochromic nanomaterial capable of blocking ultraviolet rays with a general formula of M.sub.aO.sub.bX.sub.c, a production method and use thereof, wherein the M, O and X and a, b and c are as defined herein. The nanomaterial may be prepared by the following method: heating a mixture of an M-containing cation source compound, a polyol, a surfactant and first solvent under agitation, to obtain a hot first solution; mixing an X-containing anion source compound and a second solvent, to obtain a second solution; injecting the second solution into the hot first solution, to perform a reaction and obtain a reaction mixture; and subjecting the reaction mixture to post-treatment. The nanomaterial of the present disclosure can block 80% or more of UV rays, in particular, may change to a transparent dark color and reduce the transmittance under irradiation by strong light, whereas may restore colorless transparent state under irradiation by weak or non-strong light. Additionally, the present disclosure may have following features: a simple processing flow, low cost, high productivity, applicability in the industrial production, etc.

The present disclosure provides a photochromic nanomaterial capable of blocking ultraviolet rays with a general formula of M.sub.aO.sub.bX.sub.c, a production method and use thereof, wherein the M, O and X and a, b and c are as defined herein. The nanomaterial may be prepared by the following method: heating a mixture of an M-containing cation source compound, a polyol, a surfactant and first solvent under agitation, to obtain a hot first solution; mixing an X-containing anion source compound and a second solvent, to obtain a second solution; injecting the second solution into the hot first solution, to perform a reaction and obtain a reaction mixture; and subjecting the reaction mixture to post-treatment. The nanomaterial of the present disclosure can block 80% or more of UV rays, in particular, may change to a transparent dark color and reduce the transmittance under irradiation by strong light, whereas may restore colorless transparent state under irradiation by weak or non-strong light. Additionally, the present disclosure may have following features: a simple processing flow, low cost, high productivity, applicability in the industrial production, etc.

Provided is room temperature stable -phase Bi.sub.2O.sub.3. Ion conductive compositions comprise at least 95 wt % -phase Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, and, at 25 C., the compositions are stable and have a conductivity of at least 10.sup.7 S/cm. Related methods, electrochemical cells, and devices are also disclosed.

Provided is room temperature stable -phase Bi.sub.2O.sub.3. Ion conductive compositions comprise at least 95 wt % -phase Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, and, at 25 C., the compositions are stable and have a conductivity of at least 10.sup.7 S/cm. Related methods, electrochemical cells, and devices are also disclosed.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a solid electrolyte material with excellent fluoride ion conductivity. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing a solid electrolyte material to be used for a fluoride ion battery, the solid electrolyte material comprising: a composition of Bi.sub.xM.sub.1xF.sub.2+x, in which 0.4x0.9, and M is at least one kind of Sn, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Pb; and a crystal phase that has a Tysonite structure.

A battery comprising an acidified metal oxide (AMO) material, preferably in monodisperse nanoparticulate form 20 nm or less in size, having a pH <7 when suspended in a 5 wt % aqueous solution and a Hammett function H.sub.0 >12, at least on its surface.

A battery comprising an acidified metal oxide (AMO) material, preferably in monodisperse nanoparticulate form 20 nm or less in size, having a pH <7 when suspended in a 5 wt % aqueous solution and a Hammett function H.sub.0 >12, at least on its surface.

The present disclosure generally relates to compositions comprising substrate-free crystalline 2D bismuthene, and the method of making and using the substrate-free crystalline 2D bismuthene.

The present disclosure generally relates to compositions comprising substrate-free crystalline 2D bismuthene, and the method of making and using the substrate-free crystalline 2D bismuthene.