It has been found, that when co-absorbing substances are added to intrinsic laser-absorbing bismuthoxide, the marking performance with a Nd.YAG-laser is improved or at least kept at the same level by reducing the costs. It is suspected, that the co-absorbing additive is not simply adding a contrast to the polymer by carbonizing the surrounding polymer but helping the bismuthoxide to couple the laser radiation and to ease the color change of this additive. This so found effect helps to cheapen the replacement of antimony trioxide and therewith have a safer and more sustainable solution for the current and future technology of laser marking.

It has been found, that when co-absorbing substances are added to intrinsic laser-absorbing bismuthoxide, the marking performance with a Nd.YAG-laser is improved or at least kept at the same level by reducing the costs. It is suspected, that the co-absorbing additive is not simply adding a contrast to the polymer by carbonizing the surrounding polymer but helping the bismuthoxide to couple the laser radiation and to ease the color change of this additive. This so found effect helps to cheapen the replacement of antimony trioxide and therewith have a safer and more sustainable solution for the current and future technology of laser marking.

The present invention discloses a BiOCl photocatalyst with a super degradation effect. BiOCl is prepared into a special micro-nano ellipsoid structure which significantly improves catalysis efficiency under visible light. With the present invention, degradation rates with gas phase formaldehyde, Congo red solution and hexavalent chromium solution can reach above 90%. Moreover, due to a stable structure, the BiOCl photocatalyst has desired reusability which enables a lower cost of the photocatalyst and wider use in the field of environmental pollution treatment.

The present invention discloses a BiOCl photocatalyst with a super degradation effect. BiOCl is prepared into a special micro-nano ellipsoid structure which significantly improves catalysis efficiency under visible light. With the present invention, degradation rates with gas phase formaldehyde, Congo red solution and hexavalent chromium solution can reach above 90%. Moreover, due to a stable structure, the BiOCl photocatalyst has desired reusability which enables a lower cost of the photocatalyst and wider use in the field of environmental pollution treatment.

The present disclosure provides a photochromic nanomaterial capable of blocking ultraviolet rays with a general formula of M.sub.aO.sub.bX.sub.c, a production method and use thereof, wherein the M, O and X and a, b and c are as defined herein. The nanomaterial may be prepared by the following method: heating a mixture of an M-containing cation source compound, a polyol, a surfactant and first solvent under agitation, to obtain a hot first solution; mixing an X-containing anion source compound and a second solvent, to obtain a second solution; injecting the second solution into the hot first solution, to perform a reaction and obtain a reaction mixture; and subjecting the reaction mixture to post-treatment. The nanomaterial of the present disclosure can block 80% or more of UV rays, in particular, may change to a transparent dark color and reduce the transmittance under irradiation by strong light, whereas may restore colorless transparent state under irradiation by weak or non-strong light. Additionally, the present disclosure may have following features: a simple processing flow, low cost, high productivity, applicability in the industrial production, etc.

The present disclosure provides a photochromic nanomaterial capable of blocking ultraviolet rays with a general formula of M.sub.aO.sub.bX.sub.c, a production method and use thereof, wherein the M, O and X and a, b and c are as defined herein. The nanomaterial may be prepared by the following method: heating a mixture of an M-containing cation source compound, a polyol, a surfactant and first solvent under agitation, to obtain a hot first solution; mixing an X-containing anion source compound and a second solvent, to obtain a second solution; injecting the second solution into the hot first solution, to perform a reaction and obtain a reaction mixture; and subjecting the reaction mixture to post-treatment. The nanomaterial of the present disclosure can block 80% or more of UV rays, in particular, may change to a transparent dark color and reduce the transmittance under irradiation by strong light, whereas may restore colorless transparent state under irradiation by weak or non-strong light. Additionally, the present disclosure may have following features: a simple processing flow, low cost, high productivity, applicability in the industrial production, etc.

Disclosed are an alumina-based heterojunction material with abundant oxygen vacancies and a preparation method thereof. The heterojunction material is composed of alumina with abundant oxygen vacancies and bismuth-rich bismuth oxychloride. The method includes mixing aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, an ammonium salt and urea, each in certain amount, under stirring to obtain a mixture B, placing the mixture B in a muffle furnace, heating the mixture B and continuing the stirring to gradually melt the mixture B to form an ionic liquid B; and subjecting the ionic liquid B to a spontaneous combustion reaction in the muffle furnace to obtain a product B, and cooling the product B to room temperature to obtain the alumina-based heterojunction material with abundant oxygen vacancies.

Disclosed are an alumina-based heterojunction material with abundant oxygen vacancies and a preparation method thereof. The heterojunction material is composed of alumina with abundant oxygen vacancies and bismuth-rich bismuth oxychloride. The method includes mixing aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, an ammonium salt and urea, each in certain amount, under stirring to obtain a mixture B, placing the mixture B in a muffle furnace, heating the mixture B and continuing the stirring to gradually melt the mixture B to form an ionic liquid B; and subjecting the ionic liquid B to a spontaneous combustion reaction in the muffle furnace to obtain a product B, and cooling the product B to room temperature to obtain the alumina-based heterojunction material with abundant oxygen vacancies.

Described are luminescent components with excellent performance and stability. The luminescent components comprise a first element including first luminescent crystals from the class of perovskite crystals, embedded a first polymer P1 and a second element comprising a second solid polymer composition, said second polymer composition optionally comprising second luminescent crystals embedded in a second polymer P2. Polymers P1 and P2 differ and are further specified in the claims. Also described are methods for manufacturing such components and devices comprising such components.

The present invention relates to a semiconductor device comprising a semiconducting material, wherein the semiconducting material comprises a compound comprising: (i) one or more first monocations [A]; (ii) one or more second monocations [B.sup.I]; (iii) one or more trications [B.sup.III]; and (iv) one or more halide anions [X]. The invention also relates to a process for producing a semiconductor device comprising said semiconducting material. Also described is a compound comprising: (i) one or more first monocations [A]; (ii) one or more second monocations [B.sup.I] selected from Cu.sup.+, Ag.sup.+ and Au.sup.+; (iii) one or more trications [B.sup.III]; and (iv) one or more halide anions [X].