Certain disclosed embodiments concern an organic solution suitable for forming metal oxide films, particularly thins films, comprising a metal salt selected from a Sn salt, an Sb salt, a dopant, and combinations thereof. The salt often is a halide salt, such as SnCl.sub.2 or SbCl.sub.3. Certain disclosed compositions are preferably formed using substantially pure reagents and may include a dopant, such as a fluoride dopant. Described solutions may be used to form thin films, such as a thin film comprising SnO.sub.2, Sb:SnO.sub.2, F:SnO.sub.2, or (Sb,F):SnO.sub.2. Such thin films may have any desired thickness, such as a thickness of from 200 or 700 nm, and are extremely smooth, such as having an RMS surface roughness>3 nm, such as 3 nm to 10 nm, with certain embodiments having an RMS surface roughness<2 nm or <1 nm. Devices can be assembled comprising the thin films on a suitable substrate.

A sulfide-based solid electrolyte with an argyrodite crystal structure is represented by the formula Li.sub.7x3ySb.sub.yPS.sub.6xHa.sub.x, where Ha is one or more halogen elements selected from F, Cl, Br, I, and their combinations, is disclosed. The sulfide-based solid electrolyte comprises a substituted antimony (Sb) element in Wyckoff position 48h of the argyrodite crystal structure instead of Li. The sulfide-based solid electrolyte exhibits a downshifted argyrodite Raman peak compared to an electrolyte without antimony substitution. The disclosed solid electrolyte may be synthesized using a ball milling process to ensure uniform distribution of staring materials and achieve a disordered crystal structure that enhances lithium ion conductivity, pellet density, and fracture strength. The disclosed solid electrolyte can be used in lithium-ion batteries, which are suitable for vehicle applications.

There is provided a method for producing trifluoroamine oxide. The method includes a step of preparing an intermediate product by simultaneously providing and reacting nitrogen trifluoride and nitrous oxide under the presence of a SbF.sub.5 reaction activator; and a step of producing trifluoroamine oxide by reacting the intermediate product with potassium fluoride. The step of reacting the intermediate product with potassium fluoride is performed under atmospheric pressure and room temperature.