A method of chlorinating a antimony fluorohalide catalyst is disclosed. In one embodiment the method comprises contacting an antimony fluorohalide catalyst that contains one or more fluorines with a regenerating agent chosen from 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233xf), 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane (250fb), 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244bb) and combinations of 1233xf, 250fb, and 244bb, under conditions effective to exchange at least one fluorine in the antimony fluorohalide catalyst with chlorine. The method can be used to regenerate spent antimony fluorohalide catalyst, for example regenerating SbCl.sub.5 from SbF.sub.5.

The present invention relates to a semiconductor device comprising a semiconducting material, wherein the semiconducting material comprises a compound comprising: (i) one or more first monocations [A]; (ii) one or more second monocations [B.sup.I]; (iii) one or more trications [B.sup.III]; and (iv) one or more halide anions [X]. The invention also relates to a process for producing a semiconductor device comprising said semiconducting material. Also described is a compound comprising: (i) one or more first monocations [A]; (ii) one or more second monocations [B.sup.I] selected from Cu.sup.+, Ag.sup.+ and Au.sup.+; (iii) one or more trications [B.sup.III]; and (iv) one or more halide anions [X].

ATO infrared absorbing fine particles having high coloring property (high light absorption property) which has both excellent dispersibility and solar radiation shielding properties and can reduce a use amount of ATO infrared ray absorbing fine particles can be provided, wherein crystal lattice constant a is 4.736 or more and 4.743 or less, crystal lattice constant c is 3.187 or more and 3.192 or less, and a crystallite size is 5.5 nm or more and 10.0 nm or less, which are analyzed by an X-ray diffraction measurement result.

ATO infrared absorbing fine particles having high coloring property (high light absorption property) which has both excellent dispersibility and solar radiation shielding properties and can reduce a use amount of ATO infrared ray absorbing fine particles can be provided, wherein crystal lattice constant a is 4.736 or more and 4.743 or less, crystal lattice constant c is 3.187 or more and 3.192 or less, and a crystallite size is 5.5 nm or more and 10.0 nm or less, which are analyzed by an X-ray diffraction measurement result.

There is disclosed a tin-containing metal oxide nanoparticle, which has an index of dispersion degree less than 7 and a narrow particle size distribution which is defined as steepness ratio less than 3. There is disclosed dispersion, paint, shielding film and their glass products which comprise the said nanoparticles. Besides, there are also disclosed processes of making the tin-containing metal oxide nanoparticle and their dispersion. The tin-containing metal oxide nanoparticles and their dispersion disclosed herein may be applied on the window glass of houses, buildings, vehicles, ships, etc. There is provided an excellent function of infrared blocking with highly transparent, and to achieve sunlight controlling and thermal radiation controlling.

There is disclosed a tin-containing metal oxide nanoparticle, which has an index of dispersion degree less than 7 and a narrow particle size distribution which is defined as steepness ratio less than 3. There is disclosed dispersion, paint, shielding film and their glass products which comprise the said nanoparticles. Besides, there are also disclosed processes of making the tin-containing metal oxide nanoparticle and their dispersion. The tin-containing metal oxide nanoparticles and their dispersion disclosed herein may be applied on the window glass of houses, buildings, vehicles, ships, etc. There is provided an excellent function of infrared blocking with highly transparent, and to achieve sunlight controlling and thermal radiation controlling.

Amorphous metal chalcogenides having the formula A.sub.2xSn.sub.xSb.sub.3-xQ.sub.6 are provided. In the chalcogenides, A is an alkali metal element, such as K or Cs, and Q is S or Se. The value of x can be in the range from 0.8 to 1. Porous chalcogenide materials made from the amorphous chalcogenides are also provided. These porous materials comprise metal chalcogenides having the formula (AB).sub.2xSn.sub.xSb.sub.3-xQ.sub.6, wherein x is in the range from 0.8 to 1, A and B are two different alkali metal elements, and Q is S or Se.

A battery comprising an acidified metal oxide (AMO) material, preferably in monodisperse nanoparticulate form 20 nm or less in size, having a pH<7 when suspended in a 5 wt % aqueous solution and a Hammett function H.sub.0>?12, at least on its surface.

Described are luminescent components with excellent performance and stability. The luminescent components comprise a first element 1 including first luminescent crystals 11 from the class of perovskite crystals, embedded a first polymer P1 and a second element 2 comprising a second solid polymer composition, said second polymer composition optionally comprising second luminescent crystals 12 embedded in a second polymer P2. Polymers P1 and P2 differ and are further specified in the claims. Also described are methods for manufacturing such components and devices comprising such components.

Described are luminescent components with excellent performance and stability. The luminescent components comprise a first element 1 including first luminescent crystals 11 from the class of perovskite crystals, embedded a first polymer P1 and a second element 2 comprising a second solid polymer composition, said second polymer composition optionally comprising second luminescent crystals 12 embedded in a second polymer P2. Polymers P1 and P2 differ and are further specified in the claims. Also described are methods for manufacturing such components and devices comprising such components.