A perovskite material represented by Formula 1:
Li.sub.xA.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.3-?Formula 1 wherein in Formula 1, 0<x?1, 0<y?1, 0<x+y<1, 0<z?1.5, 0???1, A is H, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, or a combination thereof, and M is Ni, Pd, Pb, Fe, Ir, Co, Rh, Mn, Cr, Ru, Re, Sn, V, Ge, W, Zr, Mo, Hf, U, Nb, Th, Ta, Bi, Li, H, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Mg, Al, Si, Sc, Zn, Ga, Ag, Cd, In, Sb, Pt, Au, or a combination thereof.

Methods of forming spinel ferrite nanoparticles containing a chromium-substituted copper ferrite as well as properties (e.g. particle size, crystallite size, pore size, surface area) of these spinel ferrite nanoparticles are described. Methods of preventing or reducing microbe growth on a surface by applying these spinel ferrite nanoparticles onto the surface in the form of a suspension or an antimicrobial product are also described.

Methods of forming spinel ferrite nanoparticles containing a chromium-substituted copper ferrite as well as properties (e.g. particle size, crystallite size, pore size, surface area) of these spinel ferrite nanoparticles are described. Methods of preventing or reducing microbe growth on a surface by applying these spinel ferrite nanoparticles onto the surface in the form of a suspension or an antimicrobial product are also described.

A novel process for treating and recovering valuable metals and other components from pickling acid residue (PAR) has been developed. The metals and other components are recovered by neutralizing the pickling acid residue using a magnesium compound or a mixture of magnesium compounds, and separating components of the resulting mixture (metals and sulfates) into products that can be reused, such as magnesium sulfate, nickel sulfate, iron and chromium phosphate, or various metal hydroxides or oxides.

The present invention concerns specific new compounds of formula Li.sub.(2x)Na.sub.(x)MO.sub.(2y/2)F.sub.(1+y) (where 0x0.2 and 0.6y0,8 and M is a transition metal), cathode material comprising the new compounds, batteries and lithium-cells comprising said new compound or cathode material, a process for the production of the new compound and their use.

Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for fabricating and implementing optically absorbing coatings. In one aspect, an optically selective coating includes a substrate formed of a solar energy absorbing material, and a nanostructure material formed over the substrate as a coating capable of absorbing solar energy in a selected spectrum and reflecting the solar energy in another selected spectrum. A concentrating solar power (CSP) system includes heat transfer fluids (HTFs); thermal energy storage system (TES); and solar receivers in communication with HTFs and including a light absorbing coating layer based on cobalt oxide nanoparticles.

Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for fabricating and implementing optically absorbing coatings. In one aspect, an optically selective coating includes a substrate formed of a solar energy absorbing material, and a nanostructure material formed over the substrate as a coating capable of absorbing solar energy in a selected spectrum and reflecting the solar energy in another selected spectrum. A concentrating solar power (CSP) system includes heat transfer fluids (HTFs); thermal energy storage system (TES); and solar receivers in communication with HTFs and including a light absorbing coating layer based on cobalt oxide nanoparticles.

Methods of forming spinel ferrite nanoparticles containing a chromium-substituted copper ferrite as well as properties (e.g. particle size, crystallite size, pore size, surface area) of these spinel ferrite nanoparticles are described. Methods of preventing or reducing microbe growth on a surface by applying these spinel ferrite nanoparticles onto the surface in the form of a suspension or an antimicrobial product are also described.

A proton conducting ceramic membrane comprising a conducting layer, wherein said conducting layer comprises a mixture of a rare-earth tungstate as herein defined and a mixed metal oxide as herein defined. The invention also relates to a reactor comprising said membrane and the use of said membrane in a dehydrogenation process.

The present invention provides a positive electrode active material for secondary battery and a secondary battery including the same. The positive electrode active material includes a core including a lithium composite metal oxide of Formula 1 below, a first surface-treated layer positioned on the surface of the core and including a lithium oxide of Formula 2 below, and a second surface treated layer positioned on the core or the first surface-treated layer and including a lithium compound of Formula 3. Thus, the present invention can improve capacity characteristics and output characteristics of a battery and also reduce the generation of gas,

Li.sub.aNi.sub.1-x-yCo.sub.xM1.sub.yM3.sub.zM2.sub.wO.sub.2 [Formula 1]

Li.sub.mM4O.sub.(m+n)/2 [Formula 2]

Li.sub.pM5.sub.qA.sub.r [Formula 3]

(in formulae 1 to 3, A, M1 to M5, a, x, y, z, w, m, n, p, and q are the same as those defined in the specification).