A tungsten(VI) oxytetrachloride having a chemical purity of greater than 99.95%. The tungsten(VI) oxytetrachloride has a fraction of compounds selected from WCl.sub.6, WO.sub.2Cl.sub.2, WO.sub.3 and WO.sub.2, as defined as a ratio of a reflection having a highest intensity of one of WCl.sub.6, WO.sub.2Cl.sub.2, WO.sub.3 and WO.sub.2, (I(P2)100) in an x-ray diffraction pattern to a reflection having a highest intensity of the tungsten(VI) oxytetrachloride (I(WOCl.sub.4)100) in the x-ray diffraction pattern, expressed as I(P2)100/I(WOCl.sub.4)100, of less than 0.03.

The present invention relates to a transition metal nitride support, a method of manufacturing the same, a metal catalyst and a platinum-alloy catalyst including the transition metal nitride support, and manufacturing methods thereof. The manufactured transition metal support prevents corrosion of the support and aggregation of the platinum catalyst, thereby exhibiting high oxygen reduction catalytic activity. Also, strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) can be stabilized, thus improving the durability of the catalyst. The transition metal support includes large pores uniformly distributed therein, thereby increasing the amount of the catalyst supported and minimizing mass-transfer resistance in a membrane- electrode assembly, increasing the performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. The metal catalyst includes platinum particles loaded on the transition metal nitride support, thus exhibiting superior durability and activity. The manufactured platinum-alloy catalyst decreases the use of expensive platinum, thus generating economic benefits and improving the inherent oxygen reduction performance.

The present invention relates to a transition metal nitride support, a method of manufacturing the same, a metal catalyst and a platinum-alloy catalyst including the transition metal nitride support, and manufacturing methods thereof. The manufactured transition metal support prevents corrosion of the support and aggregation of the platinum catalyst, thereby exhibiting high oxygen reduction catalytic activity. Also, strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) can be stabilized, thus improving the durability of the catalyst. The transition metal support includes large pores uniformly distributed therein, thereby increasing the amount of the catalyst supported and minimizing mass-transfer resistance in a membrane- electrode assembly, increasing the performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. The metal catalyst includes platinum particles loaded on the transition metal nitride support, thus exhibiting superior durability and activity. The manufactured platinum-alloy catalyst decreases the use of expensive platinum, thus generating economic benefits and improving the inherent oxygen reduction performance.

A near-infrared absorbing material fine particle dispersion, a near-infrared absorber laminate, and a laminated structure for near-infrared absorption can exhibit higher near-infrared absorption property, compared to near-infrared fine particle dispersions, near-infrared absorber laminates, and laminated structures for near-infrared absorption, containing tungsten oxides or composite tungsten oxides according to the conventional art. Also, a near-infrared absorbing material fine particle dispersion in which composite tungsten oxide fine particles, each particle containing a hexagonal crystal structure, and a polymer compound with maleic anhydride introduced therein are contained in the polypropylene resin, and the near-infrared absorber laminate and the laminated structure for near-infrared absorption using the dispersion.

A near-infrared absorbing material fine particle dispersion, a near-infrared absorber laminate, and a laminated structure for near-infrared absorption can exhibit higher near-infrared absorption property, compared to near-infrared fine particle dispersions, near-infrared absorber laminates, and laminated structures for near-infrared absorption, containing tungsten oxides or composite tungsten oxides according to the conventional art. Also, a near-infrared absorbing material fine particle dispersion in which composite tungsten oxide fine particles, each particle containing a hexagonal crystal structure, and a polymer compound with maleic anhydride introduced therein are contained in the polypropylene resin, and the near-infrared absorber laminate and the laminated structure for near-infrared absorption using the dispersion.

A material of Formula (I) is provided
M.sub.yT.sub.xQ.sub.vW.sub.1-vO.sub.z-tJ.sub.t  (I)
where:
T represents one of tin, lead, antimony and germanium, T being present in the interstitial spaces or voids of the lattice,
M represents one or more species, each selected from the group consisting of (i) metals other than T, and (ii) polyatomic ionic species, said polyatomic species having an ionic radius of no more than 2 Å, M being present in the interstitial spaces or voids of the lattice,
W is tungsten,
O is oxygen,
Q represents one or more element having an oxidation state of at least +4, Q, if present, occupying a lattice point of W,
J represents one or more non-metallic element anion of chemical valence −1, J, if present, occupying a lattice point of O,
v is from 0 to 1.0, t is from 0 to 3.0, y is non-zero and up to and including 0.32, x is non-zero and up to and including 0.32, and z is from 2.5 to 4, provided that x+y≤0.33.

The present disclosure broadly relates to a high temperature chemical process for the synthesis of cesium tungstate in the solid state and the preparation of aqueous solutions or deuterated solutions of cesium tungstate. More specifically, but not exclusively, the present disclosure relates to a high temperature chemical process in which tungsten oxide compounds such as tungsten oxides, or natural or synthetic concentrates such as wolframite or scheelite, tungsten industrial by-products or there mixture thereof, are mixed with cesium compounds such as cesium carbonate, or cesium sulfate, or cesium hydroxide or their mixtures thereof and the mixture is roasted in air or oxygen at high temperature inside a kiln. After cooling, the solid sintered mass containing cesium tungstate is leached or dissolved with water or heavy water for producing dense aqueous solutions or deuterated solutions of cesium tungstate.

The present disclosure broadly relates to a high temperature chemical process for the synthesis of cesium tungstate in the solid state and the preparation of aqueous solutions or deuterated solutions of cesium tungstate. More specifically, but not exclusively, the present disclosure relates to a high temperature chemical process in which tungsten oxide compounds such as tungsten oxides, or natural or synthetic concentrates such as wolframite or scheelite, tungsten industrial by-products or there mixture thereof, are mixed with cesium compounds such as cesium carbonate, or cesium sulfate, or cesium hydroxide or their mixtures thereof and the mixture is roasted in air or oxygen at high temperature inside a kiln. After cooling, the solid sintered mass containing cesium tungstate is leached or dissolved with water or heavy water for producing dense aqueous solutions or deuterated solutions of cesium tungstate.

An electromagnetic wave absorbing particle dispersion includes electromagnetic wave absorbing particles containing cesium tungsten oxide represented by a general formula Cs.sub.xW.sub.1-yO.sub.3-z and having a crystal structure of an orthorhombic crystal structure or a hexagonal crystal structure, x, y, and z being 0.2≤x≤0.4, 0<y≤0.4, and 0<z≤0.46; and a solid medium. The electromagnetic wave absorbing particles are dispersed in the solid medium.

The present invention relates to a bismuth tungstate/bismuth sulfide/molybdenum disulfide heterojunction ternary composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The composite material is composed of bismuth tungstate, bismuth sulfide and molybdenum disulfide in an ordered layered way, Bi.sub.2WO.sub.6 is an orthorhombic system, Bi.sub.2S.sub.3 is a p-type semiconductor located on a (130) crystal face, MoS.sub.2 is a layered transition metal sulfide located on a (002) crystal face, the whole composite material is of a spherical structure with an unsmooth surface, and a layer of nanosheets uniformly grow on an outer layer. The average particle size of composite materials is in the range of 2.4-2.6 μm. The spherical Bi.sub.2WO.sub.6/Bi.sub.2S.sub.3/MoS.sub.2 heterojunction ternary composite material prepared in the present invention has good adsorption of Cr(VI) and high catalytic reduction ability under visible light.