A luminophore may have the general formula A.sub.2EZ.sub.zX.sub.x:RE,

where: A is selected from the group of the monovalent elements; E is selected from the group of the tetravalent, pentavalent, or hexavalent elements; Z is selected from the group of the divalent elements; X is selected from the group of the monovalent elements; RE is selected from activator elements; 2+e=2z+x, with the charge number e of the element E; and x+z=5 and z>0.

A process is also disclosed that is directed to producing the luminophore and a corresponding radiation-emitting component.

The present invention relates to a lithium composite oxide, a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery including the lithium composite oxide, and a lithium secondary battery using a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material.

Described are methods for forming a multilayer conductive structure for semiconductor devices. A seed layer is formed comprising a metal and an additional constituent that in combination with the metal inhibits nucleation of a fill layer of the metal formed over the seed layer. Tungsten may be doped or alloyed with silicon to form the seed layer, with a tungsten fill being formed over the seed layer.

Described are methods for forming a multilayer conductive structure for semiconductor devices. A seed layer is formed comprising a metal and an additional constituent that in combination with the metal inhibits nucleation of a fill layer of the metal formed over the seed layer. Tungsten may be doped or alloyed with silicon to form the seed layer, with a tungsten fill being formed over the seed layer.

Methods for fabricating refractory metal scandate nanocomposite powders with homogeneous microstructured refractory metal grains and a uniform nanosized dispersion of scandia are provided. The powders prepared by the sol-gel methods have a spherical morphology, a narrow distribution of particle sizes and a very uniform dispersion of nanosized scandia particles joined to the tungsten grains. The powder particle sizes can range from nanometers to micrometers. The powders can be pressed into porous cathode structures that can be impregnated with emissive materials to produce high current density and long life cathodes for high-power terahertz vacuum electron devices. The sol-gel fabrication methods allow control over the materials, particle size, particle composition and pore size and distribution of the cathode structure by manipulation of the process parameters.

Processes for preparing a niobate material include the following steps: (i) providing a niobium-containing source; (ii) providing a transitional metal source (TMS), a post-transitional metal source (PTMS), or both; (iii) dissolving (a) the niobium-containing source, and (b) the TMS, the PTMS, or both in an aqueous medium to form an intermediate solution; (iv) forming an intermediate paste by admixing an inert support material with the intermediate solution; (v) optionally coating the intermediate paste on a support substrate; and (vi) removing the inert support material by subjecting the intermediate paste to a calcination process and providing a transition-metal-niobate (TMN) and/or a post-transition-metal-niobate (PTMN). Anodes including a TMN and/or PTMN are also provided.

A method is for depositing a thin tungsten and/or molybdenum sulfide film on a substrate chemically, under vacuum.

Provided is a method for the preparation of a porous hollow shell WO.sub.3/WS.sub.2 nanomaterial, comprising: (1) adding a hexavalent tungsten salt to a sol A comprising mesocarbon microbeads, and stirring to obtain a sol B; (2) drying and grinding the sol B, and then heating a resulting powder at 200-500° C. for 0.5-2 hours to obtain a porous hollow shell WO.sub.3 nanocrystalline material; (3) placing the porous hollow shell WO.sub.3 nanocrystalline material obtained by Step 2 and a sulfur powder separately in a vacuum furnace, controlling such that a degree of vacuum is −0.01 to −0.1 MPa and a temperature is 200-500° C., and reacting for 0.5-3 hours to obtain a WO.sub.3/WS.sub.2 porous hollow shell nanocrystalline material. Also provided is a porous hollow shell WO.sub.3/WS.sub.2 nanocrystalline material obtained by the method.

Heat ray shielding particles are provided that are composite tungsten oxide particles having a hexagonal crystal structure represented by a general formula Li.sub.xM.sub.yWO.sub.z, wherein the element M in the general formula is one or more kinds of elements selected from alkaline earth metals and alkali metals other than lithium, 0.25≦x≦0.80, 0.10≦y≦0.50, and 2.20≦z≦3.00.

Heat ray shielding particles are provided that are composite tungsten oxide particles having a hexagonal crystal structure represented by a general formula Li.sub.xM.sub.yWO.sub.z, wherein the element M in the general formula is one or more kinds of elements selected from alkaline earth metals and alkali metals other than lithium, 0.25≦x≦0.80, 0.10≦y≦0.50, and 2.20≦z≦3.00.