A negative electrode active material according to one embodiment includes a titanium oxide compound having a crystal structure of monoclinic system titanium dioxide. The titanium oxide compound is modified by at least one kind of ion selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal cation, an alkali earth metal cation, a transition metal cation, a sulfide ion, a sulfuric acid ion and a chloride ion.

A negative electrode active material according to one embodiment includes a titanium oxide compound having a crystal structure of monoclinic system titanium dioxide. The titanium oxide compound is modified by at least one kind of ion selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal cation, an alkali earth metal cation, a transition metal cation, a sulfide ion, a sulfuric acid ion and a chloride ion.

The invention relates to sulfonated aminomethylated chelate resins, to a method for producing same, to the use thereof for obtaining and purifying metals, in particular rare earth metals, from aqueous solutions and organic liquids, and for producing highly pure silicon.

A positive electrode for a sodium ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode active material that intercalates and deintercalates sodium ions, a conductive assistant, a binder, and a carboxylic acid, the binder containing a vinylidene fluoride-based polymer, the carboxylic acid having at least one of a boiling point and a thermal decomposition point, and whichever of the boiling point and the thermal decomposition point is lower being higher than 150° C. The carboxylic acid is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of hydroxy acids and polycarboxylic acids.

Methods for producing ethylene using nanowires as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The method includes, for example, an oxidative coupling of methane catalyzed by nanowires to provide ethylene.

Methods for producing ethylene using nanowires as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The method includes, for example, an oxidative coupling of methane catalyzed by nanowires to provide ethylene.

An object is to provide a semiconductor device including a semiconductor element which has favorable characteristics. A manufacturing method of the present invention includes the steps of: forming a first conductive layer which functions as a gate electrode over a substrate; forming a first insulating layer to cover the first conductive layer; forming a semiconductor layer over the first insulating layer so that part of the semiconductor layer overlaps with the first conductive layer; forming a second conductive layer to be electrically connected to the semiconductor layer; forming a second insulating layer to cover the semiconductor layer and the second conductive layer; forming a third conductive layer to be electrically connected to the second conductive layer; performing first heat treatment after forming the semiconductor layer and before forming the second insulating layer; and performing second heat treatment after forming the second insulating layer.

Provided is a method for inhibiting extractant degradation in the DSX process through the manganese extraction control, the method comprising: (a) stirring DSX solvent and DSX feed solution, which is a solution containing a valuable metal from which iron has been removed in an agitator, in which soda ash (Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) is further added to maintain a constant pH; and (b) scrubbing the manganese from the DSX solvent, extracted in step (a).

A stable rhodochrosite comprising manganese carbonate (MnCO.sub.3) and 0.03-0.3 wt % of an anion or ligand of phosphoric acid (H.sub.3PO.sub.4), pyrophosphoric acid (H.sub.4P.sub.2O.sub.7), an organic acid, or a salt of such acids, or 0.03-0.3 wt % of a mixture of such anions and/or ligands. Also, a method of producing stable rhodochrosite comprising manganese carbonate (MnCO.sub.3) in which a rhodochrosite comprising manganese carbonate (MnCO.sub.3) is treated by applying an aqueous treatment solution of phosphoric acid (H.sub.3PO.sub.4), pyrophosphoric acid (H.sub.4P.sub.2O.sub.7), sulfuric acid (H.sub.2SO.sub.4), an organic acid, or a salt of such acids, or a mixture thereof and the treated rhodochrosite is dried to produce stable rhodochrosite.

A stable rhodochrosite comprising manganese carbonate (MnCO.sub.3) and 0.03-0.3 wt % of an anion or ligand of phosphoric acid (H.sub.3PO.sub.4), pyrophosphoric acid (H.sub.4P.sub.2O.sub.7), an organic acid, or a salt of such acids, or 0.03-0.3 wt % of a mixture of such anions and/or ligands. Also, a method of producing stable rhodochrosite comprising manganese carbonate (MnCO.sub.3) in which a rhodochrosite comprising manganese carbonate (MnCO.sub.3) is treated by applying an aqueous treatment solution of phosphoric acid (H.sub.3PO.sub.4), pyrophosphoric acid (H.sub.4P.sub.2O.sub.7), sulfuric acid (H.sub.2SO.sub.4), an organic acid, or a salt of such acids, or a mixture thereof and the treated rhodochrosite is dried to produce stable rhodochrosite.