Magnetic powder includes: at least one epsilon-phase iron oxide-based compound selected from the group consisting of -Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 and a compound represented by Formula (1); and a surface treatment layer including a silane compound on at least a part of a surface. The magnetic powder has an average particle diameter of 8 nm to 20 nm. The content ratio of carbon atoms of the silane compound included in the surface treatment layer to iron atoms of the at least one epsilon-phase iron oxide-based compound selected from the group consisting of -Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 and the compound represented by Formula (1) is 0.05% to 0.5% in terms of the number of atoms. A manufacturing method thereof and applications thereof are also provided. In Formula (1), A represents at least one metal element other than Fe and a represents a number that satisfies a relationship of 0<a<2.
-A.sub.aFe.sub.2-aO.sub.3(1)

The invention relates to active electrode materials and to methods for the manufacture of active electrode materials. Such materials are of interest as active electrode materials in lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries. The invention provides an active electrode material expressed by the general formula M1.sub.aM2.sub.2-aM.sub.3bNb.sub.34-bO.sub.87-c-dQ.sub.d.

Processes are provided for treating mineralized silicates by selective leaching of Ni and Co values carried out in concert with sequestration of gaseous CO.sub.2 as mineral carbonates. These processes may be applied to extract Ni and Co values from disparate laterite ores.

Preparation, characterization, and an electrochemical study of Mg.sub.0.1V.sub.2O.sub.5 prepared by a novel sol-gel method with no high-temperature post-processing are disclosed. Cyclic voltammetry showed the material to be quasi-reversible, with improved kinetics in an acetonitrile-, relative to a carbonate-, based electrolyte. Galvanostatic test data under a C/10 discharge showed a delivered capacity >250 mAh/g over several cycles. Based on these results, a magnesium anode battery, as disclosed, would yield an average operating voltage 3.2 Volts with an energy density 800 mWh/g for the cathode material, making the newly synthesized material a viable cathode material for secondary magnesium batteries.

A method for preparing high-valence iron salt; the present invention relates to a method for preparing a ferrate compound, for solving the technical problems of the complex operating process, the low yield, and the low purity of ferrate products after purification in existing methods for preparing potassium ferrate. The preparation method comprises: 1. weighing solid potassium hydroxide; 2. adding the solid potassium hydroxide to a sodium hypochlorite solution to obtain a hypochlorite solution; 3. adding iron salt to the hypochlorite solution to obtain a potassium ferrate solution; 4. adding the potassium ferrate solution to a cooled potassium hydroxide solution to obtain a solid-liquid mixture; 5. filtering the solid-liquid mixture of step 4; and 6. rinsing the solid-phase substance. The present invention has safe operation, is simple, quick, energy-saving, and easy to control, is suitable for immediate use, and the obtained product can be stored stably; the ferrate yield of the present method is 60-95% and the purity of the produced potassium ferrate solid is over 95%.

Embodiments of synthetic garnet materials having advantageous properties, especially for below resonance frequency applications, are disclosed herein. In particular, embodiments of the synthetic garnet materials can have high Curie temperatures and dielectric constants while maintaining low magnetization. These materials can be incorporated into isolators and circulators, such as for use in telecommunication base stations.

A method for making iron-based oxide magnetic particle powders having particular peak intensity and diffraction intensities, comprising neutralizing an aqueous solution containing a trivalent iron ion, alone or with a substituting metal (M), a step of adding hydroxycarboxylic acid to the neutralized solution to create a second solution including the hydroxycarboxylic acid D, another neutralizing step for the second solution, a coating step of silicon oxide coating iron oxyhydroxide with or without the substituted metal element found in the second neutralized solution, and heating the coated iron oxyhydroxide with or without the substituted metal element to form a silicon oxide coated iron oxide with or without the substituted metal element. After the second neutralization step, there is no water washing. As a result, the molar ratio D/(Fe+M) is between 0.125 and 1.0 and the silicon oxide coating can be uniform and the formation reaction of the hydroxide is not retarded.

A method for making iron-based oxide magnetic particle powders having particular peak intensity and diffraction intensities, comprising neutralizing an aqueous solution containing a trivalent iron ion, alone or with a substituting metal (M), a step of adding hydroxycarboxylic acid to the neutralized solution to create a second solution including the hydroxycarboxylic acid D, another neutralizing step for the second solution, a coating step of silicon oxide coating iron oxyhydroxide with or without the substituted metal element found in the second neutralized solution, and heating the coated iron oxyhydroxide with or without the substituted metal element to form a silicon oxide coated iron oxide with or without the substituted metal element. After the second neutralization step, there is no water washing. As a result, the molar ratio D/(Fe+M) is between 0.125 and 1.0 and the silicon oxide coating can be uniform and the formation reaction of the hydroxide is not retarded.

According to one embodiment, there is provided an active material. The active material includes secondary particles. The secondary particles include first primary particles and second primary particles. The first primary particles include an orthorhombic Na-containing niobium-titanium composite oxide. The second primary particles include at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbon black, a graphite, a titanium nitride, a titanium carbide, a lithium titanate having a spinel structure, a titanium dioxide having an anatase structure, and a titanium dioxide having a rutile structure.

A sodium-based electrode active material and a secondary battery comprising the same are provided. The electrode active material is represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, and has an orthorhombic crystal system and a space group of Cmcm. [Chemical Formula 1] Na.sub.x[Mn.sub.1-y-zM.sup.1.sub.yM.sup.2.sub.z]O.sub.2-A.sub.. In Chemical Formula 1, x may be 0.5 to 0.8. M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 may be, regardless of each other, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nd, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Pb, Ag, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Sn, or Bi. y may be from 0 to 0.25. z may be from 0 to 0.25. A may be N, O, F, or S, and may be 0 to 0.1.