Improved methods for producing colloidal dispersions of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles in substantially non-polar solvents are disclosed. The cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles of an aqueous colloid are transferred to a substantially non-polar liquid comprising one or more amphiphilic materials, one or more low-polarity solvents, and, optionally, one or more glycol ether promoter materials. The transfer is achieved by mixing the aqueous and substantially non-polar materials, forming an emulsion, followed by a phase separation into a remnant polar solution phase and a substantially non-polar organic colloid phase. The organic colloid phase is then collected.

A positive electrode active material for a sodium-ion secondary battery contains a compound of formula Na.sub.xMn.sub.1-y-zM.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.2 or its hydrate. A cathode can contain the active material and rechargeable sodium-ion battery can contain such a cathode.

Disclosed herein are ceramic materials, such as bismuth substituted garnets, which can have high curie temperatures and high dielectric constants. In certain implementations, indium can be incorporated into the ceramic to improve certain properties and to avoid calcium compensation. The ceramic materials disclosed herein can be particular advantageous for below resonance applications.

The present invention relates to a precursor of a hydrogenation catalyst of carbon dioxide, a method for preparing thereof, a hydrogenation catalyst of carbon dioxide, and a method for preparing thereof. An embodiment of the present invention provides a precursor of a hydrogenation catalyst of carbon dioxide comprising CuFeO.sub.2.

A novel process for treating and recovering valuable metals and other components from pickling acid residue (PAR) has been developed. The metals and other components are recovered by neutralizing the pickling acid residue using a magnesium compound or a mixture of magnesium compounds, and separating components of the resulting mixture (metals and sulfates) into products that can be reused, such as magnesium sulfate, nickel sulfate, iron and chromium phosphate, or various metal hydroxides or oxides.

A novel process for treating and recovering valuable metals and other components from pickling acid residue (PAR) has been developed. The metals and other components are recovered by neutralizing the pickling acid residue using a magnesium compound or a mixture of magnesium compounds, and separating components of the resulting mixture (metals and sulfates) into products that can be reused, such as magnesium sulfate, nickel sulfate, iron and chromium phosphate, or various metal hydroxides or oxides.

The present invention provides a positive-electrode active material for non-aqueous secondary battery comprising a sodium transition metal composite oxide represented by Formula:
Na.sub.xFe.sub.1-yM.sub.yO.sub.2, wherein 0.4x0.7, 0.25y<1.0, and M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of manganese, cobalt and nickel, the sodium transition metal composite oxide having a crystal structure substantially composed of P6.sub.3/mmc alone.

The present invention relates to ferrite particles for bonded magnets and a resin composition for bonded magnets which can provide a bonded magnet molded product capable of realizing a high magnetic force and a complicated multipolar waveform owing to such a feature that the ferrite particles are readily and highly oriented against an external magnetic field in a flowing resin upon injection molding, as well as a bonded magnet molded product obtained by injection-molding the above composition. According to the present invention, there are provided ferrite particles for bonded magnets which have a crystallite size of not less than 500 nm as measured in an oriented state by XRD, and an average particle diameter of not less than 1.30 m as measured by Fisher method; a resin composition for bonded magnets; and a molded product obtained by injection-molding the composition.

A carrier core material is represented by a composition formula M.sub.XFe.sub.3-XO.sub.4 (where M is at least one type of metal element selected from Mg, Mn, Ca, Ti, Cu, Zn and Ni, 0<X<1), in which part of M and/or Fe is substituted with Sr and formed of ferrite particles, and in the carrier core material, a Sr content is equal to or more than 2500 ppm but equal to or less than 12000 ppm, the amount of Sr eluted with pure water at a temperature of 25 C. is equal to or less than 50 ppm, an apparent density is equal to or more than 1.85 g/cm.sup.3 but equal to or less than 2.25 g/cm.sup.3 and magnetization .sub.1k when a magnetic field of 79.5810.sup.3 A/m (1000 oersteds) is applied is equal to or more than 63 Am.sup.2/kg but equal to or less than 75 Am.sup.2/kg.

In general, according to one embodiment, there is provided an active material. The active material contains a composite oxide having an orthorhombic crystal structure. The composite oxide is represented by a general formula of Li.sub.2+wNa.sub.2xM1.sub.yTi.sub.6zM2.sub.zO.sub.14+. In the general formula, the M1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Cs and K; the M2 is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Sn, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Fe, Co, Mn, and Al; and w is within a range of 0w4, x is within a range of 0<x<2, y is within a range of 0y<2, z is within a range of 0<z6, and is within a range of 0.50.5.