A universal or all-purpose laser marking composition for forming satisfactorily dark laser marks on a wide variety of substrates is provided. The marking composition comprises an enhancer of nitrides, carbides, silicides, and combinations thereof. The enhancer may be selected one or more of ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, Fe.sub.xSi.sub.(1-x) where X can range from about 0.005 to 0.995, Fe.sub.5Si.sub.2, MgFeSi, SiC, CaSi, (Co)Mo, MoSi.sub.2, TiSi.sub.2, ZrSi.sub.2, WSi.sub.2, MnSi.sub.2, YSi, Cu.sub.5Si, Ni.sub.2Si, Fe.sub.3C, Fe.sub.7C.sub.3 and Fe.sub.2C, MoC, Mo.sub.2C, Mo.sub.3C.sub.2, YC.sub.2, WC, Al.sub.4C.sub.3, Mg.sub.2C, Mg.sub.2C.sub.3, CaC.sub.2, LaC.sub.2, Ta.sub.4C.sub.3, Fe.sub.2N, Fe.sub.3N, Fe.sub.4N, Fe.sub.7N.sub.3, Fe.sub.16N.sub.2, MoN, Mo.sub.2N, W.sub.2N, WN, WN.sub.2, and combinations thereof and combinations thereof. Upon disposing the marking composition on a substrate and exposing the marking composition to laser radiation, the marking composition absorbs the laser radiation, increases in temperature, chemically bonds with the substrate, and when formed on each of a metal, glass, ceramic, stone, and plastic substrates, the mark has a negative L dark contrast value of at least 1 compared to a mark formed by the marking composition without the enhancer.

According to one embodiment, there is provided an active substance. The active substance contains active material particles. The active material particles comprise a compound represented by the formula: Ti.sub.1-xM1.sub.xNb.sub.2-yM2.sub.yO.sub.7. The active material particles has a peak A attributed to a (110) plane which appears at 2 ranging from 23.74 to 24.14, a peak B attributed to a (003) plane which appears at 2 ranging from 25.81 to 26.21 and a peak C attributed to a (602) plane which appears at 2 ranging from 26.14 to 26.54 in an X-ray diffraction pattern of the active material particles. An intensity I.sub.A of the peak A, an intensity I.sub.B of the peak B, and an intensity I.sub.C of the peak C satisfy the relation (1): 0.80I.sub.B/I.sub.A1.12; and the relation (2) I.sub.C/I.sub.B0.80.

Provided are the following: a mixture of visible light-responsive photocatalytic titanium oxide fine particles which can conveniently produce a photocatalyst thin film that exhibits photocatalyst activity even with only visible light (400-800 nm) and that exhibits high transparency; a dispersion liquid of the fine particles; a method for producing the dispersion liquid; a photocatalyst thin film; and a member having the photocatalyst thin film on a surface thereof. The mixture of visible light-responsive photocatalytic titanium oxide fine particles is characterized by containing two kinds of titanium dioxide fine particles: first titanium oxide fine particles, in which a tin component and a transition metal component (excluding an iron group element component) that increases visible light response properties form a solid solution, and second titanium oxide fine particles, in which an iron group element component and a chromium group element component form a solid solution.

The object of the present invention is to provide a composition for a laminated coating film having designability to a coated body and weather resistance. The present invention provides a composition for a laminated coating film, comprising silicon oxide-coated iron oxide particles, wherein at least a part of the surface of said iron oxide particles is coated with silicon oxide, wherein the diameter of said iron oxide particles is 1 to 50 nm, and wherein the average reflectivity of said silicon oxide-coated iron oxide particles for the light of the wavelengths of 620 to 750 nm is 25% or less. It is preferable that the transmittance of the dispersion comprising said silicon oxide-coated iron oxide particles for the light of the wavelength of 200 to 420 nm is 2.0% or less, and the transmittance of the same for the light of the wavelength of 620 to 780 nm is 80% or more.

The present invention discloses a method of using a waste silicon slurry. The method includes the steps of: (A) obtaining a waste silicon slurry containing a cutting oil and a metal; (B) treating the waste silicon slurry with a first reagent for reacting with the cutting oil; (C) treating the waste silicon slurry with a second reagent for reacting with the metal; (D) separating products resulting from step (B) and step (C) to obtain a solid portion; and (E) treating the solid portion with a third reagent to obtain products, including silicates and hydrogen gas.

The present invention discloses a method of using a waste silicon slurry. The method includes the steps of: (A) obtaining a waste silicon slurry containing a cutting oil and a metal; (B) treating the waste silicon slurry with a first reagent for reacting with the cutting oil; (C) treating the waste silicon slurry with a second reagent for reacting with the metal; (D) separating products resulting from step (B) and step (C) to obtain a solid portion; and (E) treating the solid portion with a third reagent to obtain products, including silicates and hydrogen gas.

A member for hydrogen production includes a ceramic composite in which a plurality of ceramic particles having an average particle diameter ranging from 5 nm to 200 nm are dispersed in a porous insulator having a different component from the ceramic particles. The ceramic particles comprise at least one substance selected from the group consisting of AXO.sub.3 (where 01, A: at least one of rare earth elements, alkaline earth elements, and alkali metal elements, X: at least one of transition metal elements and metalloid elements, and O: oxygen), cerium oxide, and zirconium oxide as a main component.

A member for hydrogen production includes a ceramic composite in which a plurality of ceramic particles having an average particle diameter ranging from 5 nm to 200 nm are dispersed in a porous insulator having a different component from the ceramic particles. The ceramic particles comprise at least one substance selected from the group consisting of AXO.sub.3 (where 01, A: at least one of rare earth elements, alkaline earth elements, and alkali metal elements, X: at least one of transition metal elements and metalloid elements, and O: oxygen), cerium oxide, and zirconium oxide as a main component.

This ferrite magnet has a ferrite phase having a magnetoplumbite structure, and an orthoferrite phase, and is characterized in that the composition ratios of the total of each metal element A, R, Fe and Me is represented by expression (1) A.sub.1-xR.sub.x(Fe.sub.12-yMe.sub.y).sub.z, (in expression (1), A is at least one element selected from Sr, Ba, Ca and Pb; R is at least one element selected from the rare-earth elements (including Y) and Bi, and includes at least La, and Me is Co, or Co and Zn) and in that the content (m) of the orthoferrite phase is 0<m<28.0 in mol %. The invention makes it possible to achieve a ferrite magnet with increased Br.

A highly active trimetallic mixed transition metal oxide material has been developed. The material may be sulfided to generate metal sulfides which are used as a catalyst in a conversion process such as hydroprocessing. The hydroprocessing may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.