A positive electrode active material, which has high capacity and excellent charge and discharge cycle performance, for a lithium-ion secondary battery is provided. The positive electrode active material contains lithium, cobalt, an element X, and fluorine, and includes a region represented by a layered rock-salt structure. The space group of the region is represented by R-3m. The element X is one or more selected from elements that have a property in which ΔE3 obtained by subtracting, from the stabilization energy in the case of substitution of the element at a lithium position in lithium cobalt oxide, the stabilization energy before the substitution is smaller than ΔE4 obtained by subtracting, from the stabilization energy in the case of substitution of the element at a cobalt position in lithium cobalt oxide, the stabilization energy before the substitution. ΔE3 and ΔE4 are calculated by the first-principles calculation.

The disclosure discloses a method for preparing a high-voltage cathode material by body modification and regeneration of a waste lithium cobaltate material. The waste lithium cobaltate cathode material is calcined, and then measured; a lithium source, a magnesium source, nano-scale TiO.sub.2 and the waste lithium cobaltate cathode material powder are mixed to obtain a mixture, placed in a ball milling tank containing absolute ethanol, and the resulting mixture is ball milled, and then dried to obtain a mixed powder; the mixed powder is calcined to obtain a magnesium-titanium co-doped regenerated lithium cobaltate cathode material; the magnesium-titanium co-doped regenerated lithium cobaltate cathode material is added into a mixed solution obtained by ultrasonically mixing absolute ethanol with the aluminum source, and then heated and stirred continually until the solvent evaporates to obtain a residue; the residue is calcined to obtain an aluminum-coated magnesium-titanium co-doped regenerated lithium cobaltate cathode material.

The disclosure discloses a method for preparing a high-voltage cathode material by body modification and regeneration of a waste lithium cobaltate material. The waste lithium cobaltate cathode material is calcined, and then measured; a lithium source, a magnesium source, nano-scale TiO.sub.2 and the waste lithium cobaltate cathode material powder are mixed to obtain a mixture, placed in a ball milling tank containing absolute ethanol, and the resulting mixture is ball milled, and then dried to obtain a mixed powder; the mixed powder is calcined to obtain a magnesium-titanium co-doped regenerated lithium cobaltate cathode material; the magnesium-titanium co-doped regenerated lithium cobaltate cathode material is added into a mixed solution obtained by ultrasonically mixing absolute ethanol with the aluminum source, and then heated and stirred continually until the solvent evaporates to obtain a residue; the residue is calcined to obtain an aluminum-coated magnesium-titanium co-doped regenerated lithium cobaltate cathode material.

Disclosed is a process for coating onto a substrate, including preparing a precursor having a general formula Q.sub.m/nMO.sub.xF.sub.y by a reaction M(OH).sub.x+yHF+m/nQ(OH).sub.n.fwdarw.Q.sup.n+.sub.m/n(MO.sub.xF.sub.y).sup.m−, wherein Q is an onium ion, selected from quaternary alkyl ammonium, quaternary alkyl phosphonium and trialkylsulfonium; M is a metal capable of forming an oxofluorometallate, where M may further comprise one or more additional metal, metalloid, and one or more of phosphorus (P), sulfur (S) and selenium (Se), iodine (I), and arsenic (As) or a combination thereof, and x>0, y>0, m≥1, n≥1; combining the precursor with a lithium ion source and with the substrate, and mixing to form a coating composition comprising a lithium oxofluorometallate having a general formula Li.sub.mMO.sub.xF.sub.y on the substrate. Further disclosed is a core-shell electrode active material including a core capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium coated with the lithium oxofluorometallate having the general formula Li.sub.mMO.sub.xF.sub.y.

Provided is a composition comprising: (a) a principal phase that is provided by a layered mixed metal oxide having a rocksalt structure belonging to the R-3m space group; the layered mixed metal oxide comprising the following component elements: 45 to 55 atomic % lithium; 20 to 55 atomic % of one or more transition metals selected from the group consisting of chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and combinations thereof; and 0 to 25 atomic % of one or more additional dopant elements selected from the group consisting of: magnesium, calcium, strontium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, copper, ruthenium, zinc, molybdenum, boron, aluminium, gallium, tin, lead, bismuth, lanthanum, cerium, gadolinium and europium; wherein said atomic % is expressed as a % of total atoms of said layered oxide, excluding oxygen; (b) a minor phase that is provided by a metal oxide that does not have the crystal structure of the layered mixed metal oxide, the minor phase comprising one or more of the transition metals contained in the layered mixed metal oxide, the transition metals being selected from the group consisting of chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, and cobalt. Methods of making the composition and electrodes and cells, especially solid-state batteries, containing the composition are also provided. The rough morphology of the crystals confers advantages compared with smoother crystals of similar chemical composition, particularly in solid-state batteries.

A method for forming a Group IV transition metal containing film comprises a) exposing a substrate to a vapor of a Group IV transition metal containing film forming composition; b) exposing the substrate to a co-reactant; and c) repeating the steps of a) and b) until a desired thickness of the Group IV transition metal containing film is deposited on the substrate using a vapor deposition process,

A positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries that can achieve a high output characteristic and a high battery capacity when used in a positive electrode of a battery and that can achieve a high electrode density, and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that uses such a positive electrode active material and can achieve a high capacity and a high output. A lithium-manganese-cobalt composite oxide includes plate-shaped secondary particles each obtained by aggregation of a plurality of plate-shaped primary particles caused by overlapping of plate surfaces of the plate-shaped primary particles, wherein a shape of the primary particles is any one of a spherical, elliptical, oval, or a planar projected shape of a block-shaped object, and the secondary particles have an aspect ratio of 3 to 20 and a volume-average particle size (Mv) of 4 μm to 20 μm as measured by a laser diffraction scattering process.

A positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries that can achieve a high output characteristic and a high battery capacity when used in a positive electrode of a battery and that can achieve a high electrode density, and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that uses such a positive electrode active material and can achieve a high capacity and a high output. A lithium-manganese-cobalt composite oxide includes plate-shaped secondary particles each obtained by aggregation of a plurality of plate-shaped primary particles caused by overlapping of plate surfaces of the plate-shaped primary particles, wherein a shape of the primary particles is any one of a spherical, elliptical, oval, or a planar projected shape of a block-shaped object, and the secondary particles have an aspect ratio of 3 to 20 and a volume-average particle size (Mv) of 4 μm to 20 μm as measured by a laser diffraction scattering process.

A mixed ionic and electronic conductor represented by Formula 1:
T.sub.xVa.sub.yA.sub.1-x-yM.sub.zO.sub.3-δ,
wherein T includes at least one monovalent cation, A includes at least one of a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, and a trivalent cation, M includes at least one of a trivalent cation, a tetravalent cation, and a pentavalent cation, M is an element other than Ti and Zr, Va is a vacancy, δ is an oxygen vacancy, 0<x, y≤0.25, 0<z<1, and 0≤δ≤1.

Systems and methods of synthesizing nanoparticles on substrates using rapid, high temperature thermal shock. A method involves depositing micro-sized particles or salt precursors on a substrate, and applying a rapid, high temperature thermal shock to the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors to become nanoparticles on the substrate. A system may include a rotatable member that receives a roll of a substrate sheet having micro-sized particles or salt precursors; a motor that rotates the rotatable member so as to unroll the substrate; and a thermal energy source that applies a short, high temperature thermal shock to the substrate. The nanoparticles may be metallic, ceramic, inorganic, semiconductor, or compound nanoparticles. The substrate may be a carbon-based substrate, a conducting substrate, or a non-conducting substrate. The high temperature thermal shock process may be enabled by electrical Joule heating, microwave heating, thermal radiative heating, plasma heating, or laser heating.