A new and useful oxide semiconductor film with enhanced p-type semiconductor property and the method of manufacturing the oxide semiconductor film are provided. A method of manufacturing an oxide semiconductor film including: generating atomized droplets by atomizing a raw material solution containing a metal of Group 9 of the periodic table and/or a metal of Group 13 of the periodic table and a p-type dopant; carrying the atomized droplets onto a surface of a base by using a carrier gas; causing a thermal reaction of the atomized droplets adjacent to the surface of the base under oxygen atmosphere to form the oxide semiconductor film on the base.

A new and useful oxide semiconductor film with enhanced p-type semiconductor property and the method of manufacturing the oxide semiconductor film are provided. A method of manufacturing an oxide semiconductor film including: generating atomized droplets by atomizing a raw material solution containing a metal of Group 9 of the periodic table and/or a metal of Group 13 of the periodic table and a p-type dopant; carrying the atomized droplets onto a surface of a base by using a carrier gas; causing a thermal reaction of the atomized droplets adjacent to the surface of the base under oxygen atmosphere to form the oxide semiconductor film on the base.

A simple one pot sol-gel method for the synthesis of bi-metal nanostructures is based on non-noble metals (Fe, Co and Sn) and titanium. The method involves the synthesis of mixed metal nanoscale composites using low cost precursors which allow for the synthesis of desired nanocomposite materials with self-scarifying titanium or silica supports. The procedure does not require any surfactant or any need for pH controlled step. Applicants' method involves the in-situ generation of precursors and their simultaneous entrapment in a gel. This simple one pot synthesis allows for the synthesis of homogenous size, shape and distribution of targeted nanostructures. Further, this method can be applied for the preparation of various nanocomposite materials using different choices of metals and self-scarifying supports. Applicants also show that Pd, the noble metal based nanocomposite is feasible.

A simple one pot sol-gel method for the synthesis of bi-metal nanostructures is based on non-noble metals (Fe, Co and Sn) and titanium. The method involves the synthesis of mixed metal nanoscale composites using low cost precursors which allow for the synthesis of desired nanocomposite materials with self-scarifying titanium or silica supports. The procedure does not require any surfactant or any need for pH controlled step. Applicants' method involves the in-situ generation of precursors and their simultaneous entrapment in a gel. This simple one pot synthesis allows for the synthesis of homogenous size, shape and distribution of targeted nanostructures. Further, this method can be applied for the preparation of various nanocomposite materials using different choices of metals and self-scarifying supports. Applicants also show that Pd, the noble metal based nanocomposite is feasible.

According to one embodiment, nano metal compound particles are provided. The nano metal compound particles have an average particle size of 50 nm or less. The nano metal compound particles have a peak ?.sub.t of 2.8 eV or less. The peak ?.sub.t corresponds to a resonant frequency of an oscillator according to a spectroscopic ellipsometry method fitted to a Lorentz model.

A method for preparing a nano-titanate, a nano-titanic acid and a nano-TiO.sub.2 containing embedded A nanoparticles is provided respectively. In this method, a Ti-T alloy with a A-group element solidly dissolved therein is used as a titanium source, and reacted with an alkali solution under a certain condition. In combination with subsequent treatment, the preparation of a titanate nanotube, a titanic acid nanotube, and a TiO.sub.2 nanotube/rod containing embedded A nanoparticles, respectively, is further achieved with high efficiency and low cost. Moreover, a method for preparing metal nanoparticles is also provided by removing the matrix of the composites. The present preparation methods is characterized by simple process, easy operation, high efficiency, low cost. The product is of promising application in polymer-based nanocomposites, ceramic materials, catalytic materials, photocatalytic materials, hydrophobic materials, effluent degrading materials, bactericidal coatings, anticorrosive coatings, marine coatings.

The present disclosure relates to oxygen-selective anodes and methods for the use thereof.

The present disclosure relates to oxygen-selective anodes and methods for the use thereof.

An oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst for acidic media comprises a metal oxide structure comprising a pyrochlore phase of chemical formula A.sub.2B.sub.2O.sub.n, wherein A comprises one or more A-site metals, B comprises one or more B-site metals, and 6.0n7.3. The metal oxide structure exhibits a mass current density of at least about 20 A/g at an over-potential of 0.22 V in 0.1 M HClO.sub.4. According to another embodiment, an electrocatalyst for acidic media comprises a porous metal oxide structure having particulate walls separating a plurality of pores, where each particulate wall comprises interconnected primary particles. The porous metal oxide structure comprises a pyrochlore phase of chemical formula A.sub.2B.sub.2O.sub.n, wherein A comprises one or more A-site metals, B comprises one or more B-site metals, and 6.0n7.3.

An oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst for acidic media comprises a metal oxide structure comprising a pyrochlore phase of chemical formula A.sub.2B.sub.2O.sub.n, wherein A comprises one or more A-site metals, B comprises one or more B-site metals, and 6.0n7.3. The metal oxide structure exhibits a mass current density of at least about 20 A/g at an over-potential of 0.22 V in 0.1 M HClO.sub.4. According to another embodiment, an electrocatalyst for acidic media comprises a porous metal oxide structure having particulate walls separating a plurality of pores, where each particulate wall comprises interconnected primary particles. The porous metal oxide structure comprises a pyrochlore phase of chemical formula A.sub.2B.sub.2O.sub.n, wherein A comprises one or more A-site metals, B comprises one or more B-site metals, and 6.0n7.3.