The present invention provides an electrocatalytic material and a method for making an electrocatalytic material. There is also provided an electrocatalytic material comprising amorphous metal or mixed metal oxides. There is also provided methods of forming an electrocatalyst, comprising an amorphous metal oxide film.

(Problem) To provide an electrolyte film for fuel cells, capable of achieving both low resistance (film thinning) and high dimensional stability.

(Solution) An electrolyte film for fuel cells, the electrolyte film comprising a polymeric electrolyte and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) porous film, characterized in that a material having an elastic modulus higher than that of the material constituting the PTFE porous film is composited on the inside surfaces of pores of the PTFE porous film, and the composited PTFE porous film has an elastic modulus of at least 150 MPa.

The disclosure relates to a two-dimensional (2D) bismuth nanocomposite, and a preparation method and use thereof, and belongs to the field of nanobiotechnology. The 2D bismuth nanocomposite of the disclosure is an ultra-thin bismuth nanosheet that is loaded with platinum nanoparticles and modified with indocyanine green (ICG) and surface targeting polypeptide Ang-2. The 2D bismuth nanocomposite Bi@Pt/ICG-Ang2 of the disclosure can not only realize the targeted photothermal and photodynamic combination therapy for tumors, but also realize the dual-mode imaging combining CT and fluorescence imaging.

The disclosure relates to a two-dimensional (2D) bismuth nanocomposite, and a preparation method and use thereof, and belongs to the field of nanobiotechnology. The 2D bismuth nanocomposite of the disclosure is an ultra-thin bismuth nanosheet that is loaded with platinum nanoparticles and modified with indocyanine green (ICG) and surface targeting polypeptide Ang-2. The 2D bismuth nanocomposite Bi@Pt/ICG-Ang2 of the disclosure can not only realize the targeted photothermal and photodynamic combination therapy for tumors, but also realize the dual-mode imaging combining CT and fluorescence imaging.

Disclosed is a method for processing ash, particularly fly ash, in which method several elements are separated from the ash. In the method both noble metals and rare earth elements are separated.

Disclosed is a method for processing ash, particularly fly ash, in which method several elements are separated from the ash. In the method both noble metals and rare earth elements are separated.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of ruthenium(III) chloride (RuCl.sub.3) as well to a process for the purification of ruthenium(III) chloride (RuCl.sub.3) and a use of the process for the preparation or the purification of ruthenium(III) chloride (RuCl.sub.3).

An object of the invention is to provide a jig electrolytic stripper that can sufficiently remove palladium adhered to the current-conducting portion of a plating jig, that can remove palladium adhered to the insulating-material-coated portion of the jig, and that exhibits reduced erosion of the metal of the current-conducting portion of the jig. The jig electrolytic stripper comprises the following components (A) to (C): (A) at least one member selected from the group consisting of nitric acid and salts thereof, (B) at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonia, ammonium salts, ethylene amine compounds, alkyl diamine compounds, and amino acids, and (C) a bromide.

The present invention aims at: providing an accelerated reaction in a liquid-phase reaction; forming, by way of the reaction, a metal oxide nanoparticle and carbon that carries the metal oxide nanoparticle in a highly dispersed state; and providing an electrode containing the carbon and an electrochemical device using the electrode. In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, shear stress and centrifugal force are applied to the reactant in the rotating reactor so that an accelerated chemical reaction is attained in the course of the reaction. Further, the carbon carrying a metal oxide nanoparticle in a highly dispersed state comprises: a metal oxide nanoparticle produced by the accelerated chemical reaction, wherein shear stress and centrifugal force are applied to a reactant in a rotating reactor in the course of the reaction; and carbon dispersed in the rotating reactor by applying shear stress and centrifugal force. An electrochemical device produced by using the carbon carrying the metal oxide nanoparticle as an electrode has high output and high capacity characteristics.

The invention relates to polyoxometalates represented by the formula (A.sub.n).sup.m+[M′M.sub.12X.sub.8O.sub.yR.sub.zH.sub.q].sup.m− or solvates thereof, corresponding supported polyoxometalates, and processes for their preparation, as well as corresponding metal clusters, optionally in the form of a dispersion in a liquid carrier medium or immobilized on a solid support, and processes for their preparation, as well as their use in reductive conversion of organic substrate.