A bottle includes a main body having a receiving cavity, a straw, and a filtering arrangement. The filtering arrangement includes a guider housing disposed in the receiving cavity. The guider housing has a filter cavity, a plurality of liquid input slots communicating the receiving cavity with the filter cavity, and at least one liquid output slot connecting with the straw. The filter core is received in the filter cavity, such that when a suction force is applied through the straw, the liquid in the receiving cavity is arranged to pass through the liquid input slots and contact with the filter core for filtering unwanted substances from the liquid. Filtered liquid from the filter core is arranged to be discharged out of the receiving cavity through the straw.

An apparatus and method for determining an amount of chemical input, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for determining the amount of a chemical to be added, which is necessary to achieve target water quality, wherein a required chemical concentration can be accurately calculated based on the temperature of the water and the target turbidity of the water includes an information-receiving unit configured to receive at least one of environmental information, chemical information, and water-quality information of the water present in a specific area and a chemical input determination unit configured to derive a multiple regression equation based on the received environmental information, chemical information, and water-quality information and to determine the future input of a chemical that is added to satisfy a target turbidity of the water present in the specific area based on the multiple regression equation.

An apparatus and method for softening water are provided. The water softening system comprises a water softener apparatus comprising a tank designed to contain a resin bed and a water softener head coupled to the tank. The water softener head comprises at least one inlet, at least one outlet, a first channel in fluid communication with the first outlet, and a second channel in fluid communication with the first inlet. The water softening system includes at least one inlet water line for hard water and one outlet water line for softened water. A controller is provided and is configured to detect a first operating state of the water softening system, monitor the performance of the water softening system, and send instructions to at least one of the first valve and the second valve to change from a first operational state to a second operational state.

An apparatus for controlling chemical dosing optimization in a water treatment plant treating feed water includes: a control value derivation part configured to receive real-time data, analyze the real-time data through a water treatment model and a controller in response to receiving the real-time data, and calculate a control value, such that the control value is to set a minimum of a chemical dosage while maintaining a state of treated water of the water treatment plant in a normal range, the water treatment model simulating the water treatment plant and the controller being an optimization algorithm; and a chemical dosing output control part configured to provide the control value to a water treatment control device.

An ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) system that reduces atmospheric CO.sub.2 and mitigates ocean acidification by electrochemically processing feedstock solution (e.g., seawater or brine) to generate an alkalinity product that is then supplied to the ocean. The OAE system includes a base-generating device and a control circuit disposed within a modular system housing deployed near a salt feedstock. The base-generating device (e.g., a bipolar electrodialysis (BPED) system) generates a base substance that is then used to generate the ocean alkalinity product. The control circuit controls the base-generating device such that the alkalinity product is supplied to the ocean only when (1) sufficient low/zero-carbon electricity is available, (2) it is safe to operate the base-generating device, and (3) supplying the alkalinity product will not endanger sea life. Modified BPED systems include features that facilitate autonomous system operations including enhanced maintenance cycle operations and a reduced reliance on external fresh water sources.

A water delivery control system operates to selectively deliver water from a water source to water use devices. The system includes at least one controller that wirelessly communicates messages with a portable user device. The system includes a water control valve and a motor that is operative to selectively move at least one valve element of the valve. A water meter is operative to measure water flow that corresponds to flow through the valve. The controller is operable to cause the valve to enable or prevent flow through the valve responsive at least in part to water flow data. The controller is operative to determine a water use condition responsive to a water usage pattern, and to cause at least one message to be sent to the portable user device responsive to the determined water use condition.

The invention relates to nuclear power engineering and is designed to improve the safety of nuclear power plants by providing the ability to retain the melt in the nuclear reactor vessel at different severity of accidents in both passive and active mode.

In-vessel melt retention system containing a reactor located in a cavity, a coolant circulation pump outside the reactor vessel and a storage tank, characterized in that the storage tank is located in the cavity under the reactor vessel head; there are additional sump tanks above the reactor vessel head to collect coolant in LOCAs, the storage tank is connected to the top of the sump tanks by coolant supply channels.

The in-vessel melt retention system can be applied in nuclear power plants of various types, and can increase their safety by providing melt retention in the reactor vessel in various types of accidents.

A method of removing chemical contaminants from a composition comprising an active, a solvent, and a contaminant can include providing an initial feed supply, wherein the initial feed supply comprises the active, the solvent, and the contaminant, wherein the contaminant can include 1,4 dioxane, dimethyl dioxane, or a combination thereof; including filtering the initial feed stock through a nanofilter and using reverse osmosis.

A septic tank filter system includes a tank. The tank includes an inlet and an outlet, wherein the outlet is disposed on the tank below the inlet to enable a flow of wastewater to be gravity fed from the inlet to the outlet. A filter is positioned in the tank. The filter includes a frame. A filter media is disposed on the frame. The filter media is operable to filter the wastewater of waste material as the wastewater passes therethrough. A top opening is disposed on a top portion of the frame. A bottom of the top opening is located above the tank outlet and below the tank inlet. When the filter media is not clogged, a level of the wastewater remains below the top opening. When the filter media is clogged, the level of the wastewater rises until the wastewater flows over the top opening.

An apparatus for controlling output in a water treatment plant treating water includes: a chemical dosing management part configured to analyze real-time data to determine a control mode of chemical dosing optimization, and provide the determined control mode as a management command; a chemical dosing optimization part configured to analyze the real-time data to derive a control value such that the control value is to set a minimum of a chemical dosage to be dose in the water while a state of treated water of the water treatment plant is maintained in a normal range; and a chemical dosing output control part configured to provide the control value to a water treatment control device for controlling the water treatment plant, according to the control mode of the management command.