A process for removing water from particulate material slurries produced by horizontal drilling, vertical drilling and from dredging of bodies of water is disclosed. The process comprises a first step of water removal accomplished by diffusing a chemical reagent into the particulate material source stream that results in separating out a clean water fraction and a second step of reacting the sludge with a demulsifier and a superabsorbent polymer that locks onto the water in the remaining slurry thus turning the slurry into a solid crust. The crust is ground into a particulate form and disposed in a landfill. The combined effect of the treatments is the thickening of the particulate material slurry from about 10% solids to about 25% solids. The removed water may be used for further drilling and drinking. Another benefit is the reduced volume of the particulate material that needs to be disposed in landfills.

A method of automatically controlling chloramine concentration in a body of water contained in a reservoir includes: (a) determining residual chloramine concentration in a first water sample obtained from the body of water; (b) automatically engaging a supply of chlorine to add chlorine to the body of water when the residual chloramine concentration in the first water sample is determined to be below a residual chloramine concentration set-point or a first chloramine concentration percentage; (c) determining residual chloramine concentration in a second water sample obtained from the body of water after step (b); and (d) automatically engaging a supply of ammonia and the supply of chlorine to add both ammonia and chlorine to the body of water if the residual chloramine concentration in the second water sample is determined to be below the residual chloramine concentration in the first water sample or a second chloramine concentration percentage.

Disclosed herein are the water clarification compositions and method of using the disclosed water clarification compositions for clarifying a water system or waste water source. Specifically, the disclosed compositions comprise and methods use multiple charged cationic or anionic compounds that are derived from polyamines through an aza-Michael addition with an activated olefin having an ionic group. The disclosed water clarification methods or compositions are found to be more effective than those methods or compositions including commonly used single quaternary compounds for reducing turbidity in water systems or waste water sources.

An eco-friendly water filtration apparatus. The apparatus may comprise a lid comprising openings that allow water to flow into the apparatus, and an enclosure that is open at one end and comprises openings at the opposing end that allow water to flow out of the apparatus. The enclosure may be configured to receive a pod of activated carbon, while allowing removal of the pod, and the lid may be configured to attach to and detach from the enclosure at the enclosure's open end.

A method includes: (1) using a chelating agent, extracting divalent ions from a brine solution as complexes of the chelating agent and the divalent ions; (2) using a weak acid, regenerating the chelating agent and producing a divalent ion salt solution; and (3) introducing carbon dioxide to the divalent ion salt solution to induce precipitation of the divalent ions as a carbonate salt. Another method includes: (1) combining water with carbon dioxide to produce a carbon dioxide solution; (2) introducing an ion exchanger to the carbon dioxide solution to induce exchange of alkali metal cations included in the ion exchanger with protons included in the carbon dioxide solution and to produce a bicarbonate salt solution of the alkali metal cations; and (3) introducing a brine solution to the bicarbonate salt solution to induce precipitation of divalent ions from the brine solution as a carbonate salt.

A water treatment composition is disclosed herein comprising a nonylphenol resin and a polyethoxylated tallow amine.

A method for desalinating a liquid, including: contacting, within a hydrate former reactor, a feed gas stream including iso-butane in an amount ranging from above zero mol % to about 3 mol % and liquid seawater or liquid wastewater including a dissolved salt, wherein a temperature and pressure within the hydrate former reactor is controlled so that the feed gas stream and the liquid seawater or liquid wastewater form a hydrate slurry; separating hydrate particles from the hydrate slurry; and decomposing the hydrate particles into its constituents of water and gas or gas mixture containing iso-butane, wherein the water has a concentration of the dissolved salt that is less than that of the liquid seawater or liquid wastewater.

Glycine is an organic compound that can be used in the making of a synthetic acid that obviates all the drawbacks of strong acids such as hydrochloric acid. The new compound is made by dissolving glycine in water, in a weight ratio of approximately 1:1 to 1:1.5. The solution is mixed until the glycine is essentially fully dissolved in the water. Once dissolution is complete, hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in the solution to produce the new compound, which can be referred to as hydrogen glycine. Also disclosed is a method for adjusting the pH of a fluid, the method comprising adding an effective amount of a solution to the fluid for adjusting the pH thereof to a desired level, wherein the solution is prepared by mixing glycine in water to form a glycine solution; and adding hydrogen chloride to the glycine solution.

Disclosed is a method for treating an aqueous system exposed to the sunlight with chlorine dioxide while inhibiting the UV degradation of chlorine dioxide.

Formulation F comprising A) 50 to 90 parts by weight of at least one block copolymer P of ethyleneoxide and propylene oxide, B) 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of at least one salt of an alkyl sulfate S, C) 0.05 to 0.5 parts by weight of a composition C comprising C1) 5 to 10 parts by weight of at least one polydimethylsiloxane bearing only terminal alkyl groups, C2) 1 to 3 parts by weight of at least one polydimethylsiloxane bearing at least alkoxylated hydroxy group, C3) at least one solvent,
wherein said formulation F is an aqueous formulation.