A method of selectively extracting anions from an aqueous solution using an anion encapsulating aggregate formed upon the addition of a solvent, a copper contributor, a hydroxide contributor, an optional counterion contributor, and at least one encapsulating anion to an aqueous solution containing the anions, or upon the addition of a solvent, a polymeric chain of [Cu.sup.II(-OH)(-ea)].sub. and optionally, a counterion contributor to the aqueous solution. The aggregates include compounds of the formula cis-Cu.sup.II.sub.x(OR.sub.1).sub.y(R.sub.2ea).sub.z, where R.sub.1 is H or an alkyl group, R.sub.2 is H, or an alkyl group or a charged group, ea is an encapsulating anion, and each of x, y, and z is equal to an integer between about 1 and 40, inclusive. In addition, anion encapsulating aggregates can be formed by synthesis with alternate encapsulating anions by substituting alternate encapsulating anions for the encapsulating anion incorporated in the aggregate.

Method and apparatus pertaining to the production of hydrogen sulfide using sodium salts recycle. Sodium sulfate is reacted with a carbon containing stream to produce sodium sulfide and carbon dioxide. The sodium sulfide is blended with elemental sulfur and water. The blend is subjected to elevated temperatures and pressures to result in the production of hydrogen sulfide and sodium sulfate. A mixing apparatus, such as a bubble column reactor, has been found to be especially useful. The hydrogen sulfide can be used for removing metal from effluents.

A water treatment system according to an embodiment includes an element that introduces treated water into a first container, an element that introduces an amine solution into the first container to obtain a first mixture, an element that separates a supernatant phase and a concentrated phase of a second mixture in which the first mixture is phase-separated. The amine solution includes one or more tertiary amine compounds represented by a chemical formula (1) or/and a chemical formula (2). R.sup.1 in the chemical formula (1) is a linear alkyl chain having 2 or more and 4 or less carbon atoms. R.sup.2 in the chemical formula (2) is a linear alkyl chain having 2 or more and 4 or less carbon atoms. R.sup.3 in the chemical formula (2) is a linear alkyl group having 1 or more and 4 or less carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group having 3 or 4 carbon atoms. R.sup.4 in the chemical formula (2) is a linear alkyl group having 1 or more and 4 or less carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group having 3 or 4 carbon atoms.

This invention relates to materials and methods for iodine capture from a variety of sources and media, and at water/organic solvent interfaces.

A sulphur denitrification system includes a liquid input fluidly coupled to a source of saltwater that includes nitrate; a liquid output fluidly coupled to the source of saltwater; a plurality of vertically-oriented tanks, at least one of the tanks including a liquid inlet that is fluidly coupled to the liquid input to receive a flow of the saltwater, a volume configured to enclose a plurality of sulphur particles that support denitrification bacteria that biologically transform the nitrate into at least one of nitrous oxide or nitrogen gas, and a liquid outlet fluidly coupled to the liquid output and the liquid inlets of the tanks; and a circulation system configured to circulate a portion of the saltwater though the liquid input to the liquid inlets of the plurality of tanks, through the plurality of tanks, and from the liquid outlets of the tanks to the liquid output and the liquid inlets of the tanks.

This electrolyzed water production device (1A) includes an electrolytic bath (3) that discharges electrolyzed products generated by electrolysis of a raw material solution from an outlet (2); a mixing section (4) that mixes the electrolyzed products with dilution water to generate electrolyzed water; and a mounting section (6) that has a connecting section (19) where a hole section (20) connected to the outlet (2) is formed and that allows the electrolytic bath (3) to be detachably mounted thereto. By moving either the electrolytic bath (3) or the connecting section (6) relative to the other, the communication between the outlet (2) and the hole section (20) is allowed or released. Additionally, the electrolytic bath (3) is mounted on the mounting section (6) in a state where the inside of the electrolytic bath (3) is filled with a predetermined amount of the raw material solution and sealed in advance and an additional raw material solution cannot be injected thereinto.

This disclosure relates to cerium (IV) oxide composition for removing biological and other contaminants from aqueous streams. It is particularly concerned with cerium (IV) oxide compositions for removing biological contaminants from groundwater and drinking water. Typically, the biological contaminants are bacteria, fungi and algae.

An antifouling dispersant composition having an alcohol polyoxyethylene (EO) ether (EO number 1-14), represented by the general formula (I), wherein R is an alkyl with about 3-20 carbon atoms; and n is 1-14.

Glycine is an organic compound that can be used in the making of a synthetic acid that obviates all the drawbacks of strong acids such as hydrochloric acid. The new compound is made by dissolving glycine in water, in a weight ratio of approximately 1:1 to 1:1.5. The solution is mixed until the glycine is essentially fully dissolved in the water. Once dissolution is complete, hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in the solution to produce the new compound, which can be referred to as hydrogen glycine. Also disclosed is a method for adjusting the pH of a fluid, the method comprising adding an effective amount of a solution to the fluid for adjusting the pH thereof to a desired level, wherein the solution is prepared by mixing glycine in water to form a glycine solution; and adding hydrogen chloride to the glycine solution.

A sulphur denitrification system includes a liquid input fluidly coupled to a source of saltwater that includes nitrate; a liquid output fluidly coupled to the source of saltwater; a plurality of vertically-oriented tanks, at least one of the tanks including a liquid inlet that is fluidly coupled to the liquid input to receive a flow of the saltwater, a volume configured to enclose a plurality of sulphur particles that support denitrification bacteria that biologically transform the nitrate into at least one of nitrous oxide or nitrogen gas, and a liquid outlet fluidly coupled to the liquid output and the liquid inlets of the tanks; and a circulation system configured to circulate a portion of the saltwater though the liquid input to the liquid inlets of the plurality of tanks, through the plurality of tanks, and from the liquid outlets of the tanks to the liquid output and the liquid inlets of the tanks.