A system for preheating batch materials in a glass melting furnace includes a preheater having an outlet through which fluid is exhausted and an inlet that receives fluids exhausted from the furnace and recirculated from the preheater outlet. In one embodiment, a cyclonic separator has an inlet in communication with the preheater outlet and an outlet in fluid communication with a fan. A controller controls the speed of the fan responsive to a drop in pressure between the separator inlet and outlet and a temperature at the separator outlet. In other embodiments, controllers control valves that (i) control the amount of fluids exhausted from the preheater that are delivered to a flue and recirculated to the preheater or (ii) control the amount of fluids diverted to charger for the furnace, in response to temperatures in a duct coupled to the preheater inlet.

The present invention discloses a feeding system that comprises a plurality of material tanks having air outlets, a plurality of blowers, a dust remover having an air inlet, and a connecting pipe. Air inlets of the plurality of blowers are in communication with the air outlets of the material tanks in one-to-one correspondence. The first end of the connecting pipe is in communication with the air inlet of the dust remover, and the second end of the connecting pipe is movable between being connected with the air outlet of a first one of the plurality of blowers and being connected with the air outlet of a second one of the plurality of blowers. The disclosed feeding system a simple structure and zero dust leakage. Also disclosed is a glass production apparatus that comprises the disclosed feeding system.

The present invention provides for synthesizing high optical quality multicomponent chalcogenide glasses without refractive index perturbations due to striae, phase separation or crystal formation using a two-zone furnace and multiple fining steps. The top and bottom zones are initially heated to the same temperature, and then a temperature gradient is created between the top zone and the bottom zone. The fining and cooling phase is divided into multiple steps with multiple temperature holds.

The present invention provides for synthesizing high optical quality multicomponent chalcogenide glasses without refractive index perturbations due to striae, phase separation or crystal formation using a two-zone furnace and multiple fining steps. The top and bottom zones are initially heated to the same temperature, and then a temperature gradient is created between the top zone and the bottom zone. The fining and cooling phase is divided into multiple steps with multiple temperature holds.

A powder of melted particles, more than 95% by number of the particles exhibiting a circularity of greater than or equal to 0.85. The powder including more than 99.8% of a rare earth metal oxide and/or of hafnium oxide and/or of an aluminum oxide, as percentage by mass based on the oxides. The powder has a median particle size D.sub.50 of less than 15 μm, a 90 percentile of the particle sizes, D.sub.90, of less than 30 μm, and a size dispersion index (D.sub.90−D.sub.10)/D.sub.10 of less than 2, and a relative density of greater than 90%. The D.sub.n percentiles of the powder are the particle sizes corresponding to the percentages, by number, of n %, on the cumulative distribution curve of the size of the particles in the powder and the particle sizes are classified by increasing order.

An amorphous silica particles, gravel, other particles and products provide a safe replacement for crystalline silica sand, grave, or particles in consumer and industrial applications wherein dust may be produced during use or installation. The amorphous silica particles, gravel, other particles or products may comprise components that increase the density, hardness, and other properties from container glass. These components include, but are not limited to, iron oxides, aluminum oxides, and zirconium oxides.

An amorphous silica particles, gravel, other particles and products provide a safe replacement for crystalline silica sand, grave, or particles in consumer and industrial applications wherein dust may be produced during use or installation. The amorphous silica particles, gravel, other particles or products may comprise components that increase the density, hardness, and other properties from container glass. These components include, but are not limited to, iron oxides, aluminum oxides, and zirconium oxides.

Provided are a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte having a high Li ion conductivity, in which the production time can be greatly reduced, and a sulfur-based material that can be used in the production method for a sulfide solid electrolyte. The invention relates to a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte containing a lithium element, a sulfur element, a phosphorus element, an iodine element and a bromine element, which includes mixing and grinding lithium sulfide and lithium bromide followed by adding phosphorus sulfide and lithium iodide thereto and reacting them, and relates to a sulfur-based material.

Provided are a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte having a high Li ion conductivity, in which the production time can be greatly reduced, and a sulfur-based material that can be used in the production method for a sulfide solid electrolyte. The invention relates to a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte containing a lithium element, a sulfur element, a phosphorus element, an iodine element and a bromine element, which includes mixing and grinding lithium sulfide and lithium bromide followed by adding phosphorus sulfide and lithium iodide thereto and reacting them, and relates to a sulfur-based material.

Methods and a glass manufacturing system are described herein that impact compaction in a glass sheet. For instance, a method is described herein for impacting compaction in a glass sheet made by a glass manufacturing system. In addition, a glass manufacturing system is described herein which manufactures a glass sheet that meets a compaction target. Plus, a method is described herein for maintaining an uniform compaction between glass sheets made by different glass manufacturing systems.