Embodiments of thermally and chemically strengthened glass-based articles are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the glass-based articles may include a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t), a first CS region comprising a concentration of a metal oxide that is both non-zero and varies along a portion of the thickness, and a second CS region being substantially free of the metal oxide of the first CS region, the second CS region extending from the first surface to a depth of compression of about 0.17.circle-solid.t or greater. In one or more embodiments, the first surface is flat to 100 m total indicator run-out (TIR) along any 50 mm or less profile of the first surface. Methods of strengthening glass sheets are also disclosed, along with consumer electronic products, laminates and vehicles including the same are also disclosed.

Embodiments of thermally and chemically strengthened glass-based articles are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the glass-based articles may include a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t), a first CS region comprising a concentration of a metal oxide that is both non-zero and varies along a portion of the thickness, and a second CS region being substantially free of the metal oxide of the first CS region, the second CS region extending from the first surface to a depth of compression of about 0.17.circle-solid.t or greater. In one or more embodiments, the first surface is flat to 100 m total indicator run-out (TIR) along any 50 mm or less profile of the first surface. Methods of strengthening glass sheets are also disclosed, along with consumer electronic products, laminates and vehicles including the same are also disclosed.

Transparent conductive coatings are polished using particle slurries in combination with mechanical shearing force, such as a polishing pad. Substrates having transparent conductive coatings that are too rough and/or have too much haze, such that the substrate would not produce a suitable optical device, are polished using methods described herein. The substrate may be tempered prior to, or after, polishing. The polished substrates have low haze and sufficient smoothness to make high-quality optical devices.

A thermally tempered glass element is provided made of glass with two opposite faces that are under compressive stress of at least 40 MPa. The glass has a working point at which the glass has a viscosity of 10.sup.4 dPa.Math.s of at most 1350 C. The glass has a viscosity versus temperature profile and a coefficient of thermal expansion versus temperature profile of the glass are such that a variable (750 C.T.sub.13)/(CTE.sub.LiqCTE.sub.Sol) has a value of at most 5*10.sup.6 K.sup.2. The CTE.sub.Liq is a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the glass above a glass transition temperature T.sub.g, the CTE.sub.Sol is a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the glass in a temperature range from 20 C. to 300 C., and the T.sub.13 is a temperature at which the glass has a viscosity of 10.sup.13 dPa.Math.s.

A thermally tempered glass element is provided made of glass with two opposite faces that are under compressive stress of at least 40 MPa. The glass has a working point at which the glass has a viscosity of 10.sup.4 dPa.Math.s of at most 1350 C. The glass has a viscosity versus temperature profile and a coefficient of thermal expansion versus temperature profile of the glass are such that a variable (750 C.T.sub.13)/(CTE.sub.LiqCTE.sub.Sol) has a value of at most 5*10.sup.6 K.sup.2. The CTE.sub.Liq is a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the glass above a glass transition temperature T.sub.g, the CTE.sub.Sol is a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the glass in a temperature range from 20 C. to 300 C., and the T.sub.13 is a temperature at which the glass has a viscosity of 10.sup.13 dPa.Math.s.

A method to inspect for proper tempering of a piece of glass includes forming a piece of tempered glass and exposing the piece of tempered glass to a polarized light source. A vision system is used to inspect a temper pattern of the piece of tempered glass being exposed to the polarized light source and then the temper pattern of the piece of tempered glass is compared to a master temper pattern to determine if the inspected temper pattern is acceptable.

A method to inspect for proper tempering of a piece of glass includes forming a piece of tempered glass and exposing the piece of tempered glass to a polarized light source. A vision system is used to inspect a temper pattern of the piece of tempered glass being exposed to the polarized light source and then the temper pattern of the piece of tempered glass is compared to a master temper pattern to determine if the inspected temper pattern is acceptable.

A process for the manufacture of a heat strengthened glass substrate, includes the application of a temporary layer including a polymer on a glass substrate including a glass sheet, then the application to the glass substrate coated with the temporary layer of a treatment for the heat strengthening of the glass including heating, leading to the removal of the temporary layer, and then cooling by blowing of air through nozzles. The glass substrate thus obtained exhibits a reduced level of iridescences.

A thermally tempered glass element is provided made of glass with two opposite faces that are under compressive stress of at least 40 MPa. The glass has a working point at which the glass has a viscosity of 10.sup.4 dPa.Math.s of at most 1350 C. The glass has a viscosity versus temperature profile and a coefficient of thermal expansion versus temperature profile of the glass are such that a variable (750 C.T.sub.13)/(CTE.sub.LiqCTE.sub.Sol) has a value of at most 5*10.sup.6 K.sup.2. The CTE.sub.Liq is a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the glass above a glass transition temperature T.sub.g, the CTE.sub.Sol is a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the glass in a temperature range from 20 C. to 300 C., and the T.sub.13 is a temperature at which the glass has a viscosity of 10.sup.13 dPa.Math.s.

A thermally tempered glass element is provided made of glass with two opposite faces that are under compressive stress of at least 40 MPa. The glass has a working point at which the glass has a viscosity of 10.sup.4 dPa.Math.s of at most 1350 C. The glass has a viscosity versus temperature profile and a coefficient of thermal expansion versus temperature profile of the glass are such that a variable (750 C.T.sub.13)/(CTE.sub.LiqCTE.sub.Sol) has a value of at most 5*10.sup.6 K.sup.2. The CTE.sub.Liq is a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the glass above a glass transition temperature T.sub.g, the CTE.sub.Sol is a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the glass in a temperature range from 20 C. to 300 C., and the T.sub.13 is a temperature at which the glass has a viscosity of 10.sup.13 dPa.Math.s.