Systems and methods are disclosed for landfill systems, comprising waste, a geosynthetic product, and a layer of foam glass aggregates interposed between the waste and the geosynthetic product.

A mixture including glass fragments is located in a containment vessel and is processed in a kiln to form a commercially useful building product. The mixture is initially heated over a first time period to a first temperature intermediate the glass transition point temperature and about 950 C. or 1,100 C. (Section A). At the first temperature the glass fragments slump and bond to each other and the mixture is soaked at this temperature for a second time period (Section B). After reducing the temperature (Section C), the mixture is annealed for another time period (Section D). Finally, the kiln is cooled to allow the mixture to be removed (Section E).

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a glass-ceramic blank for dental purposes with lithium silicate as crystal phase, in which lithium silicate blanks that are no longer required and in particular residues thereof are used as starting material and which allows the production of a homogeneous starting glass within a short time.

The present invention relates to the methods of recycling electrochromic devices and also designing such devices while keeping recyclability in perspective. Recyclability includes recovering of certain materials for re-use within the same application or other applications. Using recycling reduces or eliminates waste stream quantities to be disposed of and/or reduces toxicity of these waste streams.

A glass, a glass article made of the glass as well as uses and production methods are disclosed. The glass constituents are selected such that excellent scratch resistance and impact strength are provided. The glass has a composition characterized by the following constituent phases: 15-60 mol % reedmergnerite; 20-60 mol % albite; 0-20 mol % nepheline; 0-20 mol % orthoclase; 0-20 mol % parakeldyshite; 0-20 mol % narsarsukite; 0.1-30 mol % disodium zinc silicate; 0-4 mol % diboron trioxide; 0-20 mol % cordierite; and 0-20 mol % danburite. A quotient of a coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass multiplied by 1000 (in ppm/K) and the product of a pH value and a removal rate in alkaline environment (in mg/(dm.sup.23h)) according to ISO 695 is at least 8 and the removal rate in alkaline environment according to ISO 695 is at most 115 mg/(dm.sup.23h).

The present invention relates to glasses, such as e.g. thin or thinnest glasses, but also to glasses for the production of tubular glass, carpules and syringes as well as other pharmaceutical vessels. The glasses are characterized by a high chemical prestressability (tem-perability) with very well alkali, hydrolytic and/or acid resistance as well as an advantageous coefficient of thermal expansion. The glass has a composition characterized by the following constituent phases: 0-60 mol % reedmergnerite; 20-60 mol % albite; 0-30 mol % orthoclase; 0-20 mol % natrosilite; 0-20 mol % sodium metasilicate; 0-20 mol % parakeldyshite; 0-20 mol % narsarsukite; 0-20 mol % disodium zinc silicate; 0-21 mol % cordierite; and 0-20 mol % danburite. A quotient of a coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass multiplied by 1000 (in ppm/K) and the product of a pH value and a removal rate in alkaline environment (in mg/(dm.sup.23h)) according to ISO 695 is at least 9.0.

A glass/quartz composite structure comprises quartz grit, quartz powder and glass grit wherein the glass grit is in an amount greater than 50% by weight of the composite structure, and a binding resin. The glass/quartz composite structure may be formed into a 1.2-1.5 cm thick slab for countertops using standard cabinet perimeter support. The slab may be made by mixing the quartz grit, the quartz powder, the glass grit, and the binding resin, pouring the mixture in a mold, and compacting the mixture in the mold. Specific natural mineral components may be added to the glass/quartz/resin composite structure to provide aesthetics of specific natural stones.

A fining package for a glass composition may include a sulfate or a sulfide in an amount from about 0.001 to about 1 mol % of the glass composition. The fining package may include a multivalent compound, such as CeO.sub.2, SnO.sub.2, or Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, in an amount from about 0.001 to about 1 mol % of the glass composition. The fining package may be sulfide-free. The fining package may be free from a reducing agent for reducing sulfate to sulfide. The fining package may be free of at least one of Cl, F, Sn, Ce, and As. The glass composition may be used to form glass tubing. The glass tubing may be used to form a pharmaceutical packaging.

A method of making a glass product includes: melting a batch of raw materials to form a glass melt in a melting tank; heating the batch and/or the glass melt using two or more electrodes, the electrodes including an electrode material and heating the batch and/or the glass melt includes operating the electrodes at a current frequency of at least 1,000 Hz and at most 5,000 Hz; withdrawing the glass melt from the melting tank; and forming the glass melt into the glass product.

A tinted glass composition and glass article including the same, the composition including: about 45 mol % to about 80 mol % SiO.sub.2; about 6 mol % to about 22 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; 0 mol % to about 25 mol % B.sub.2O.sub.3; about 7 mol % to about 25 mol % of at least one alkaline earth oxide selected from MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, and combinations thereof, about 0.5 mol % to about 20 mol % CuO; 0 mol % to about 6 mol % SnO.sub.2, SnO, or a combination thereof, 0 mol % to about 1.0 mol % C; 0 mol % to about 5 mol % La.sub.2O.sub.3; and 0 mol % to about 10 mol % PbO, and that is substantially free of alkali metal.