Disclosed herein are methods of reusing at least a portion of the scrap glass generated in a cellular glass manufacturing process by introducing the scrap glass back into a cellular glass manufacturing process. The methods comprise changing the overall glass composition allowing for higher oxidizer content, which, in turn, allows for inclusion of more scrap material in the glass melt and the cellular glass production process. In particular, the glass composition in the melt is treated to increase the amount of an oxidizer (e.g., MnO.sub.2) to amounts above those that are used in conventional manufacturing processes, while also maintaining important physical properties in the ultimate cellular glass product.

Glass batch materials and processes for preparing and melting structured pellets of glass batch materials to produce molten glass. A structured pellet of glass batch materials may include a core and a shell surrounding the core. The core may include a mixture of glass-forming materials and the shell may include a thermally-activated material. The thermally-activated material may be formulated to undergo an exothermic chemical reaction when heated to a temperature at or above a threshold temperature such that heat is transferred from the shell to the mixture of glass-forming materials in the core.

A method for making high optical quality multicomponent chalcogenide glasses without refractive index perturbations due to striae, phase separation or crystal formation using a sealed ampoule with chemical components enclosed inside, a two-zone furnace, a convection heating/mixing step, and multiple fining steps. Initially, the sealed ampoule is oriented vertically within the two-zone furnace and heated to melt the chemical components contained within, and a temperature gradient is created between the top zone and the bottom zone such that the bottom zone has a higher temperature. This temperature gradient causes convection currents within the viscous liquid until it is sufficiently mixed due to the convective flow. Then the temperature gradient is reversed such that the top zone now has a higher temperature and the convective flow ceases. The furnace temperatures are then reduced over a period of time, with holds at multiple temperatures for fining and cooling to form a solid glass.

A coating for a glass and a forming method thereof, and an automotive window are provided. The coating includes: a first material layer which has a first elastic modulus; and a second material layer which includes at least one material layer, wherein the second material layer has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface is used for disposing the first material layer, the second surface is adaptable for facing a surface of the glass when the coating is applied on the glass, and the second material layer has a second elastic modulus less than the first elastic modulus. Anti-scratch ability of the coating and scratch resistance of the automotive window may be improved, which avoids scratches on the automotive window.

A transparent, chemically prestressable or chemically prestressed glass ceramic is provided. The glass ceramic has keatite as a main crystal phase, a transmittance greater than 80% at a thickness of 0.7 mm, a haze of less than or equal to 10, and a crystal phase content of at least 80% by weight of keatite solid solution based on all crystal phases in the glass ceramic.

This invention is directed to recycled waste composition, uses, applications and processes of preparation thereof.

A mixture including glass fragments is located in a containment vessel and is processed in a kiln to form a commercially useful building product. The mixture is initially heated over a first time period to a first temperature intermediate the glass transition point temperature and about 950? C. or 1,100? C. (Section A). At the first temperature the glass fragments slump and bond to each other and the mixture is soaked at this temperature for a second time period (Section B). After reducing the temperature (Section C), the mixture is annealed for another time period (Section D). Finally, the kiln is cooled to allow the mixture to be removed (Section E).

A method for producing a ceramic matrix composite is provided with: weaving a fabric from fibers of SiC; infiltrating SiC into pores in the fabric by vapor phase infiltration; executing solid phase infiltration by immersing the fabric after the vapor phase infiltration in an immersion liquid including a solvent, a SiC powder and a glass powder to infiltrate SiC and glass into the fabric; and executing liquid phase infiltration by immersing the fabric after the solid phase infiltration in an immersion liquid including a solvent and an organic silicon polymer and calcine the immersed fabric to infiltrate SiC into the fabric.

An apparatus for making a glass laminate, including: a source of a glass core sheet; a source of a first force that tensions the glass core sheet in a first axial direction; a source of a second force that tensions the glass core sheet in a second axial direction; and at least one molten glass reservoir extending along a length of the apparatus and on opposite sides of the glass core sheet that delivers a source of at least two glass clads to the opposite side surfaces of the bi-axially tensioned glass core sheet. Also disclosed are methods for making a glass laminate sheet using the disclosed apparatus, as defined herein.

An apparatus for making a glass laminate, including: a source of a glass core sheet; a source of a first force that tensions the glass core sheet in a first axial direction; a source of a second force that tensions the glass core sheet in a second axial direction; and at least one molten glass reservoir extending along a length of the apparatus and on opposite sides of the glass core sheet that delivers a source of at least two glass clads to the opposite side surfaces of the bi-axially tensioned glass core sheet. Also disclosed are methods for making a glass laminate sheet using the disclosed apparatus, as defined herein.