A marking composition for forming marks or indicia on a substrate is provided for laser marking applications. The composition includes a glass frit, a carrier, and absorber particles. The glass frit includes alkali metal oxides, glass forming oxides, and one or more transition metal oxides. The glass frit is devoid of at least one of bismuth and zinc.

The invention relates to a biodegradable, bioactive and bio-compatible glass composition comprising: SiO.sub.2 65-75 wt-%, Na.sub.2O 12-17 wt-%, CaO 8-11 wt-%, MgO 3-7 wt-%, P.sub.2O.sub.5 0.5-2.5 wt-%, B.sub.2O.sub.3 1-4 wt-%, K.sub.2O>0.5 wt-%-4 wt-%, SrO 0-4 wt-%, and at most 0.3 wt-% in total of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and Fe.sub.2O.sub.3. The invention also relates to glass fiber comprising the glass composition and use of the glass fiber in medical and nonmedical applications.

A bioactive borate glass composition including, for example: 30 to 60% B.sub.2O.sub.3; 0.5 to 20% ZrO.sub.2; 3 to 30% Na.sub.2O; 0.1 to 15% K.sub.2O; 0.1 to 15% MgO; 5 to 30% CaO; and 1 to 5% P.sub.2O.sub.5 in mole percents based on 100 mol % of the total composition. Also disclosed is a method of making and method of using the compositions and the bioactive borate glass dentin treatment formulations.

An optical member with the adhesive layer includes the optical member formed of inorganic glass through which light passes; and the adhesive layer formed of an inorganic material or a metal oxide. The inorganic material includes inorganic glass or nitride.

A transparent gahnite-spinel glass ceramic is provided. The glass ceramic includes a first crystal phase including (Mg.sub.xZn.sub.1−x)Al.sub.2O.sub.4 where x is less than 1 and a second crystal phase including tetragonal ZrO.sub.2. The glass ceramic may be ion exchanged. Methods for producing the glass ceramic are also provided.

The invention relates to glass ceramics and glasses with a europium content, containing the following components:

TABLE-US-00001 Component wt.-% SiO.sub.2 30.0 to 75.0 Al.sub.2O.sub.3 10.0 to 45.0 Europium, calculated as Eu.sub.2O.sub.3 0.05 to 5.0

and which are suitable in particular for the production of dental restorations, the fluorescence properties of which largely correspond to those of natural teeth.

Glass-based articles that include a reduced Youngs modulus layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of layer and an optional compressive stress layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of compression are formed by exposing glass-based substrates to water vapor containing environments. The methods of forming the glass-based articles may include elevated pressures and/or multiple exposures to water vapor containing environments. The glass-based articles may be utilized in foldable or flexible electronic devices.

Glass-based articles that include a reduced Youngs modulus layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of layer and an optional compressive stress layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of compression are formed by exposing glass-based substrates to water vapor containing environments. The methods of forming the glass-based articles may include elevated pressures and/or multiple exposures to water vapor containing environments. The glass-based articles may be utilized in foldable or flexible electronic devices.

Lithium silicate materials are described which can be easily processed by machining to dental products without undue wear of the tools.

The invention relates to a method to derive a medical form body of lithium silicate glass ceramic. To increase its strength it is proposed that in the form body comprising lithium silicate glass or containing lithium silicate glass the lithium ions are replaced by alkali ions of greater diameter to generate a surface compressive stress. To this end the form body is covered with a melt containing an alkali metal for which an aliquoted quantity of salt containing the alkali metal is used.