Disclosed is a cellular glass product having a density D at ambient temperature of at most 200 kg/m.sup.3 and a process for the production of a cellular glass product having a density D at ambient temperature of at most 200 kg/m.sup.3. The process comprises the steps of: a) contacting glass powder with foaming agent to form a dry mixture, b) thermally treating the mixture in a foaming furnace, thereby forming cellular glass, and c) annealing the cellular glass of step b) in an annealing lehr, wherein the concentration of at least one of the reagents in the dry mixture of step a) that are necessary for enabling the foaming reaction is at least 150% of the concentration corresponding to the theoretical minimum requirement for obtaining the density D.

A method of producing flint glass using submerged combustion melting is disclosed. The method includes operating a submerged combustion melter such that combustion products are discharged from one or more submerged burners combusting a combustible gas mixture that comprises fuel and oxygen. An oxygen-to-fuel ratio of the combustible gas mixture ranges from stoichiometry to 30% excess oxygen relative to stoichiometry, a temperature of a glass melt in the submerged combustion melter is between 1200° C. and 1500° C., a residence time of the glass melt is maintained between 1 hour and 10 hours, and a specific throughput rate of molten glass discharged from the submerged combustion melter ranges from 2 tons per day per meter squared of cross-sectional area of the submerged combustion melter [tons/day/m.sup.2] to 25 tons/day/m.sup.2. A method of forming glass containers from the molten glass discharged from the melter is also disclosed.

A glass microsphere, comprising: a main body, wherein the main body is solid while including a network of inter-connected pores produced from a phase separation process and thermal and chemical leaching operations, with porosity extending throughout a cross-section of the solid glass microsphere.

A method of slowing an aircraft overrunning a runway, including covering an area adjacent a runway with irregular foamed glass bodies having aspect ratios of about 1:1.9 and diameters of about 10 mm to about 80 mm to define a bed, pouring liquid cement over the foamed glass bodies such that the cement infiltrates at least through the bed, curing the liquid cement to define a composite material of foamed glass bodies in a cementitious matrix, and crushing at least a portion of the composite material with an oncoming aircraft, slowing the aircraft. The composite material is at least 85 volume percent foamed glass bodies. When pouring the cement, the liquid cement flows over and around the foamed glass bodies. The aggregate bodies crush and break up before slip failure occurs when being overrun by an aircraft. The aggregate bodies intersect to define stacking angles of about 35 degrees. The cementitious matrix has a cementitious surface.

An arrestor bed for slowing an aircraft overrunning a runway, including an elongated excavation and a plurality of irregularly shaped foamed glass bodies at least partially filing the excavation. Each respective irregularly shaped foamed glass body has an aspect ratio between 1:1.6 to 1:1.7 and a diameter of about 1 inch. The irregularly shaped foamed glass bodies intersect to define stacking angles of about 35 degrees. Under compression, the irregularly shaped foamed glass bodies crush and break up before slip failure occurs such that the roadbed has a crushing failure mode.

A scratch resistant alkali aluminoborosilicate glass. The glass is chemically strengthened and has a surface layer that is rich in silica with respect to the remainder of the glass article. The chemically strengthened glass is then treated with an aqueous solution of a mineral acid other than hydrofluoric acid, such as, for example, HCl, HNO.sub.3, H.sub.2SO.sub.4, or the like, to selective leach elements from the glass and leave behind a silica-rich surface layer. The silica-rich surface layer improves the Knoop scratch threshold of the ion exchanged glass compared to ion exchanged glass that are not treated with the acid solution as well as the post-scratch retained strength of the glass.

A scratch resistant alkali aluminoborosilicate glass. The glass is chemically strengthened and has a surface layer that is rich in silica with respect to the remainder of the glass article. The chemically strengthened glass is then treated with an aqueous solution of a mineral acid other than hydrofluoric acid, such as, for example, HCl, HNO.sub.3, H.sub.2SO.sub.4, or the like, to selective leach elements from the glass and leave behind a silica-rich surface layer. The silica-rich surface layer improves the Knoop scratch threshold of the ion exchanged glass compared to ion exchanged glass that are not treated with the acid solution as well as the post-scratch retained strength of the glass.

Systems and methods are disclosed for landfill systems, comprising waste, a geosynthetic product, and a layer of foam glass aggregates interposed between the waste and the geosynthetic product.

The invention discloses porous, bioactive glass and glass ceramic morsels or pellets to be used as tissue graft substitute materials and processes for obtaining the same wherein the bioactive glass and glass ceramic morsels or pellets are made up of natural agents like phosphate, calcium, sodium and other elements which are not alien to the human or animal body. The said preparation process encompasses various steps like quenching sintering, foaming, and sol-gel casting which render the glass morsels or pellets unique bioactivity and enhanced porosity which may facilitate tissue repair and augmentation during tissue graft replacement.

To provide a method for recycling a solar cell module glass, which enables development of other novel applications of a waste glass of a solar cell module while controlling an elution amount of Sb from the waste glass into water. Disclosed is a method for recycling a solar cell module glass, the method comprising: grinding a solar cell module glass into a glass powder; adding at least one foaming agent selected from SiC, CaCO.sub.3 and a seashell, and a particular inhibitor to the glass powder to produce a mixture; and heating the mixture to 700 to 1,100 C. to produce a foam glass.