An antibacterial composition, includes: a borate-based glass material having a composition of: 0-25 wt. % SiO.sub.2, 30-75 wt. % B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0-10 wt. % P.sub.2O.sub.5, 0-30 wt. % Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0-5 wt. % Li.sub.2O, 1-25 wt. % Na.sub.2O, 0-15 wt. % K.sub.2O, 0-10 wt. % MgO, 10-25 wt. % CaO, 12-30 wt. % MO, 8-25 wt. % R.sub.2O, and 30-75 (B.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3), such that at least one of P.sub.2O.sub.5 or Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is present, MO is the sum of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO, R.sub.2O is the sum of Na.sub.2O, K.sub.2O, Li.sub.2O, and Rb.sub.2O, and the borate-based glass material is configured to achieve at least a 3.5-log kill rate of at least one of E. coli, P. gingivalis, or S. mutans bacteria.

An antibacterial composition, includes: a borate-based glass material having a composition of: 0-25 wt. % SiO.sub.2, 30-75 wt. % B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0-10 wt. % P.sub.2O.sub.5, 0-30 wt. % Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0-5 wt. % Li.sub.2O, 1-25 wt. % Na.sub.2O, 0-15 wt. % K.sub.2O, 0-10 wt. % MgO, 10-25 wt. % CaO, 12-30 wt. % MO, 8-25 wt. % R.sub.2O, and 30-75 (B.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3), such that at least one of P.sub.2O.sub.5 or Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is present, MO is the sum of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO, R.sub.2O is the sum of Na.sub.2O, K.sub.2O, Li.sub.2O, and Rb.sub.2O, and the borate-based glass material is configured to achieve at least a 3.5-log kill rate of at least one of E. coli, P. gingivalis, or S. mutans bacteria.

A metal object produced by a three-dimensional (3D) metal object manufacturing apparatus is subjected to a high temperature heat treatment to improve bonding of the object layers, especially in the vertical or Z-axis direction. A supporting structure is formed around the metal object to retain the shape and features of the object during the high temperature heat treatment. The supporting structure is formed in a manner that is sufficient to retain the shape of the metal object during the heat treatment but is easily removed once the heat treatment is finished.

An invention is provided for creating smoothed, heat-treated glass fragments. The invention includes placing a plurality of heat-treated glass fragments into a tumbling or vibrating apparatus. Each heat-treated glass fragment is formed from glass that has been heated to a temperature of at least 1000° Fahrenheit and rapidly cooled to a temperature below 800° Fahrenheit. The plurality of glass fragments is then tumbled or vibrated for a predetermined period of time such that surfaces of the heat-treated glass fragments are smoother than prior to tumbling. The glass fragments are thereafter removed from the tumbling apparatus, resulting in smoothed, heat-treated glass fragments that have a slightly rounded, bead like-shape and are suitable for direct handling without hand protection. The glass fragments as are able to be provide radiant heat in the temperature range of 400° to 800° Fahrenheit. This temperature range and the use of the heat-treated glass fragments provides for a clean burning fire that virtually eliminates any soot and carbon monoxide while burning.

An amorphous silica particles, gravel, other particles and products provide a safe replacement for crystalline silica sand, grave, or particles in consumer and industrial applications wherein dust may be produced during use or installation. The amorphous silica particles, gravel, other particles or products may comprise components that increase the density, hardness, and other properties from container glass. These components include, but are not limited to, iron oxides, aluminum oxides, and zirconium oxides.

An amorphous silica particles, gravel, other particles and products provide a safe replacement for crystalline silica sand, grave, or particles in consumer and industrial applications wherein dust may be produced during use or installation. The amorphous silica particles, gravel, other particles or products may comprise components that increase the density, hardness, and other properties from container glass. These components include, but are not limited to, iron oxides, aluminum oxides, and zirconium oxides.

The present invention discloses a method for preparing a full-body marble-patterned glass mosaic, comprising mixing a glass powder with an additive to obtain a mixture; adding water to the mixture and mixing thoroughly; granulating and sieving to obtain base clay body powder; mixing a colorant and a flux according to a specific ratio to obtain a colorant mixture in powder form; distributing the base clay body powder and the colorant mixture into multiple layers via a mold; press-molding to obtain a clay body; firing the clay body to obtain the full-body marble-patterned glass mosaic. Accordingly, the present invention provides a full-body marble-patterned glass mosaic prepared by the method described above. The glass mosaic of the present invention has a strong layering texture and a well-defined structure, and it faithfully resembles the pattern and texture of natural marble.

The present invention provides a glass composition not requiring a large quantity of rare earth material, producible by a common apparatus for producing a glass, having a high Young's modulus and a large crack initiation load, and suitable for glass fibers etc. A glass composition according to the present invention contains, in mol %: 50 to 65% SiO.sub.2; 7.5 to 26% Al.sub.2O.sub.3; 15 to 30% MgO; 0 to 8% CaO; 0 to 3% B.sub.2O.sub.3; 0 to 3% Li.sub.2O; and 0 to 0.2% Na.sub.2O. In this glass composition, a total content of MgO and CaO is in a range of 18 to 35 mol %, and a mol ratio calculated by Al.sub.2O.sub.3/(MgO+CaO) is less than 1.

The present invention provides a glass composition not requiring a large quantity of rare earth material, producible by a common apparatus for producing a glass, having a high Young's modulus and a large crack initiation load, and suitable for glass fibers etc. A glass composition according to the present invention contains, in mol %: 50 to 65% SiO.sub.2; 7.5 to 26% Al.sub.2O.sub.3; 15 to 30% MgO; 0 to 8% CaO; 0 to 3% B.sub.2O.sub.3; 0 to 3% Li.sub.2O; and 0 to 0.2% Na.sub.2O. In this glass composition, a total content of MgO and CaO is in a range of 18 to 35 mol %, and a mol ratio calculated by Al.sub.2O.sub.3/(MgO+CaO) is less than 1.

The present disclosure provides a method to fabricate three-dimensional transparent glass utilizing polymer plasticity, including the following steps. In step 1, synthesize polymer-glass powder composite containing dynamic chemical bonds, the bond exchange catalyst is added during the synthesis process, and then cure to obtain a two-dimensional sheet shape I, the bond exchange catalyst is used to activate a dynamic chemical bond in step 2. In step 2, shape the two-dimensional sheet shape I obtained in step 1 into a complex three-dimensional shape II under the conditions of the effect of an external force and the activable dynamic chemical bond. In step 3, pyrolyze the composite precursor at high temperature to obtain transparent glass with complex three-dimensional shape II. The present disclosure provides a method in shaping the transparent glass with complex geometries by unique polymer plasticity in lower temperature.