A glass filler of the present disclosure includes glass having a composition, the composition including iron oxide. For the content in mass % of the iron oxide in the composition, 0.005≤FeO≤0.30 and 0.01≤T-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3≤0.80 (T-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 represents total iron oxide calculated as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3) are satisfied. For the iron oxide in the composition, Fe.sup.2+/(Fe.sup.2++Fe.sup.3+), which represents the proportion by mass of Fe.sup.2+ to total iron, is 0.15 or more and 1.00 or less. The glass filler of the present disclosure is a glass filler having a new composition including a coloring component, the glass filler having a high visible transmittance and a controlled color which can be, for example, within a range of colors different from those of conventional glass fillers that have a low visible transmittance.

A glass filler of the present disclosure includes glass having a composition, the composition including iron oxide. For the content in mass % of the iron oxide in the composition, 0.005≤FeO≤0.30 and 0.01≤T-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3≤0.80 (T-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 represents total iron oxide calculated as Fe.sub.2O.sub.3) are satisfied. For the iron oxide in the composition, Fe.sup.2+/(Fe.sup.2++Fe.sup.3+), which represents the proportion by mass of Fe.sup.2+ to total iron, is 0.15 or more and 1.00 or less. The glass filler of the present disclosure is a glass filler having a new composition including a coloring component, the glass filler having a high visible transmittance and a controlled color which can be, for example, within a range of colors different from those of conventional glass fillers that have a low visible transmittance.

Methods of synthesizing particles and the resulting particles are disclosed. The methods include synthesizing the particles in the presence of one or more additives. The resulting particles are smaller and easier to disperse in solution. Also described are methods of processing particles and the resulting particles. In particular embodiments, the particles are suited for incorporation into films.

Methods of synthesizing particles and the resulting particles are disclosed. The methods include synthesizing the particles in the presence of one or more additives. The resulting particles are smaller and easier to disperse in solution. Also described are methods of processing particles and the resulting particles. In particular embodiments, the particles are suited for incorporation into films.

Mechanical strength of a composite material is enhanced by a simple process. In a composite material comprising a resin or a rubber and an oxide glass, the resin or the rubber is dispersed in the oxide glass, or the oxide glass is dispersed in the resin or the rubber. The composite material has a function that the oxide glass is softened and fluidized by electromagnetic waves.

Mechanical strength of a composite material is enhanced by a simple process. In a composite material comprising a resin or a rubber and an oxide glass, the resin or the rubber is dispersed in the oxide glass, or the oxide glass is dispersed in the resin or the rubber. The composite material has a function that the oxide glass is softened and fluidized by electromagnetic waves.

An invention is provided for creating smoothed, heat-treated glass fragments. The invention includes placing a plurality of heat-treated glass fragments into a tumbling or vibrating apparatus. Each heat-treated glass fragment is formed from glass that has been heated to a temperature of at least 1000° Fahrenheit and rapidly cooled to a temperature below 800° Fahrenheit. The plurality of glass fragments is then tumbled or vibrated for a predetermined period of time such that surfaces of the heat-treated glass fragments are smoother than prior to tumbling. The glass fragments are thereafter removed from the tumbling apparatus, resulting in smoothed, heat-treated glass fragments that have a slightly rounded, bead like-shape and are suitable for direct handling without hand protection.

An invention is provided for creating smoothed, heat-treated glass fragments. The invention includes placing a plurality of heat-treated glass fragments into a tumbling or vibrating apparatus. Each heat-treated glass fragment is formed from glass that has been heated to a temperature of at least 1000° Fahrenheit and rapidly cooled to a temperature below 800° Fahrenheit. The plurality of glass fragments is then tumbled or vibrated for a predetermined period of time such that surfaces of the heat-treated glass fragments are smoother than prior to tumbling. The glass fragments are thereafter removed from the tumbling apparatus, resulting in smoothed, heat-treated glass fragments that have a slightly rounded, bead like-shape and are suitable for direct handling without hand protection.

A method of manufacturing a lithium ion conductive glass ceramic, includes a step of forming granules using a material including an SiO.sub.2 source, a ZrO.sub.2 source, a P.sub.2O.sub.5 source and an Na.sub.2O source; a step of obtaining a powder including a glass ceramic by passing the granules under a heated gas phase atmosphere to melt the granules and solidifying the melted granules; a step of obtaining a target object including a glass ceramic by performing a heat treatment on the powder to precipitate crystals; and a step of obtaining a lithium ion conductive glass ceramic by performing an ion-exchange process on the target object in molten salt including lithium ions.

A method of manufacturing a lithium ion conductive glass ceramic, includes a step of forming granules using a material including an SiO.sub.2 source, a ZrO.sub.2 source, a P.sub.2O.sub.5 source and an Na.sub.2O source; a step of obtaining a powder including a glass ceramic by passing the granules under a heated gas phase atmosphere to melt the granules and solidifying the melted granules; a step of obtaining a target object including a glass ceramic by performing a heat treatment on the powder to precipitate crystals; and a step of obtaining a lithium ion conductive glass ceramic by performing an ion-exchange process on the target object in molten salt including lithium ions.