A method of manufacturing a window and a window manufactured by the same are provided. A method of manufacturing a window includes laser cutting a base glass into a preliminary window using first laser light, irradiating, with second laser light, a point spaced apart from an edge of the preliminary window at a first distance, and providing a window including a flat portion and an edge portion by wet etching the preliminary window irradiated with the second laser light. A method of manufacturing a window having a chamfer shape at the edge portion is facilitated.

The systems and methods disclosed herein utilize a beam-forming system configured to convert a Gaussian laser beam into an annular vortex laser beam having a relatively large depth of focus, which enables the processing of thick or stacked glass-based objects annular laser beam is defined in part by a topological charge m that defines an amount of rotation of the annular vortex beam around its central axis as it propagates annular vortex beam is used to form micro-holes in a glass-based object using either a one-step or a two-step method micro-holes formed by either process can be in the form of recesses or through-holes, depending on the application size of the micro-holes can be controlled by controlling the size of the annular vortex beam over the depth of focus range.

The systems and methods disclosed herein utilize a beam-forming system configured to convert a Gaussian laser beam into an annular vortex laser beam having a relatively large depth of focus, which enables the processing of thick or stacked glass-based objects annular laser beam is defined in part by a topological charge m that defines an amount of rotation of the annular vortex beam around its central axis as it propagates annular vortex beam is used to form micro-holes in a glass-based object using either a one-step or a two-step method micro-holes formed by either process can be in the form of recesses or through-holes, depending on the application size of the micro-holes can be controlled by controlling the size of the annular vortex beam over the depth of focus range.

A substrate having a superhydrophobic surface and methods of manufacturing the same and uses thereof. The substrate comprises a frame of a first material of interconnected structures exhibiting cavities having the shape of inverted pyramids; and a second material comprising hydrophobic structures filling the cavities, wherein the sidewalls of the inverted pyramids form an angle α of 105°<α<135° against the surface. The hydrophobic structures, such as nanoparticles, provide excellent water repellency, whereas the structures formed by a mechanically durable substrate material, typically comprising microstructures, act as armor to resist abrasion. The substrates are robust, durable and abrasion resistant and can be used as surfaces in self-cleaning, anti-fouling or heat transfer materials as well as in transparent surfaces, in particular in solar cells.

A method is described herein of making a textured glass article where the method includes: providing a glass substrate having an initial primary surface and an opposing primary surface; disposing a protective coating on at least one of the initial primary surface or the opposing primary surface; and etching the glass substrate with a hydrofluoric acid-free etchant having a pH of about 7 or less to form a leached layer in the glass substrate.

A method is described herein of making a textured glass article where the method includes: providing a glass substrate having an initial primary surface and an opposing primary surface; disposing a protective coating on at least one of the initial primary surface or the opposing primary surface; and etching the glass substrate with a hydrofluoric acid-free etchant having a pH of about 7 or less to form a leached layer in the glass substrate.

A method of producing a glass substrate having a hole is provided. The method includes preparing the glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface facing each other; forming a hole in the glass substrate with a laser; and annealing the glass substrate placed on a first support substrate having a thermal expansion coefficient whose difference from a thermal expansion coefficient of the glass substrate is less than or equal to 1 ppm/K, where the first support substrate is placed on a second support substrate having a thermal expansion coefficient of less than or equal to 10 ppm/K.

A method for producing a high silicate glass substrate, includes: (1) obtaining a glass precursor containing, as represented by mol % based on oxides, 60% to 75% of SiO.sub.2, 0% to 15% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 15% to 30% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0% to 3% of P.sub.2O.sub.5, and 1% to 10% in total of at least one selected from R.sub.2O and R′O; (2) applying first heat treatment to the glass precursor to cause phase separation so as to obtain a phase-separated glass; (3) applying acid treatment to the phase-separated glass to make the phase-separated glass porous so as to obtain a porous glass; (4) drying the porous glass so that a rate of change in mass reaches 10% to 50%; and (5) applying second heat treatment to the porous glass to sinter the porous glass so as to obtain a high silicate glass substrate.

A method for producing a high silicate glass substrate, includes: (1) obtaining a glass precursor containing, as represented by mol % based on oxides, 60% to 75% of SiO.sub.2, 0% to 15% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 15% to 30% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0% to 3% of P.sub.2O.sub.5, and 1% to 10% in total of at least one selected from R.sub.2O and R′O; (2) applying first heat treatment to the glass precursor to cause phase separation so as to obtain a phase-separated glass; (3) applying acid treatment to the phase-separated glass to make the phase-separated glass porous so as to obtain a porous glass; (4) drying the porous glass so that a rate of change in mass reaches 10% to 50%; and (5) applying second heat treatment to the porous glass to sinter the porous glass so as to obtain a high silicate glass substrate.

Embodiments described herein may be related to apparatuses, processes, and techniques directed to a protective coating for an edge of a glass layer, in particular a glass core within a substrate of a package, where the protective coating serves to protect the edge of the glass core and fill in cracks at the edges of the glass. This protective coating will decrease cracking during stresses applied to the glass layer during manufacturing or operation. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.