There is provided new transparent near infrared absorptive fine particles having a wide range of near infrared absorption, which are an assembly of hexaboride fine particles, wherein when a particle shape of the number of particles contained in the assembly is approximately regarded as a spheroid body, there are 20% or more and less than 80% of particles having an aspect ratio [(long axis length)/(short axis length)] of 1.5 or more and less than 5.0, and there are 20% or more and less than 80% of particles having an aspect ratio of 5.0 or more and less than 20.0.

A method for printing an image on a substrate is provided. The method includes: providing image template data; analyzing the image template data by identifying image components; printing the image using the image template data using a printing procedure based on printing parameters with a printer operating using printer configuration parameters; capturing the printed image; providing captured image data of the captured image; analyzing the captured image data. The analyzing including determining the region of interest within the captured image data based on definition parameters, identifying an image component and an image metric for the region of interest, relating the image metric to the image component, relating the identified image component to the identified image component of the region of interest, selecting parameters based on the image metric and/or the image component, and computing an actual correction parameter based on an optimization computing procedure using the image metric.

Composite structures composed of a coating applied to a substrate and provided, along with a process for applying a coating to a substrate to form the composite structure. Coatings described herein provide at least one of the following properties: nano-sized surface roughness; enhanced hydrophobic function; high transmittance; improved hardness; improved scratch resistance; and desirable bending properties. The coating method includes mixing coating particulates having an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less with a transfer gas, transferring the mixture to an application nozzle, and spraying coating particulates on the substrate under low pressure conditions to form a coating having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less.

The present invention provides a film forming apparatus having a mist spray nozzle which enables a prevention of a generation of a clogging. The film forming apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a mist spray head (100) for spraying a raw material. The mist spray head (100) includes a raw material spray nozzle (N1) and a raw material ejection part (7) for ejecting an atomized raw material, and the raw material spray nozzle (N1) includes a cavity (2, 3) and a raw material discharge part (5) which is drilled in a side surface of the cavity (2, 3), being away from a bottom surface of the cavity (2, 3), and is connected to the raw material ejection part (7).

Compositions and methods for improved materials and material laminates with graphitic or inorganic/organic nanomaterials are presented. Graphitic or inorganic/organic nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphenes or graphene oxides, are introduced into an aqueous composition as fillers to provide a graphitic or inorganic/organic nanocomposite. Such composition may be used as laminates to improve adhesion between a film and a layer of material or between layers of materials and to increase not only strength properties, but also to provide other desired properties such as electronic properties, UV absorbing/blocking, optical-limiting, anti-reflective, fire-retardant, conducting, anti-microbial properties or pigmentation to say material. By tailoring the composite formulations with multiple graphitic or organic/inorganic nanomaterials, the resulting materials laminates become multifunctional and can be used for a variety of applications.

A glazing, which may be translucent, includes at least one design, which may be transparent. The glazing includes a substrate having two main outer surfaces, at least one of which is a textured surface, made of a dielectric material having a refractive index n1 and at least a part of the textured surface of the substrate is coated with a sol-gel layer made of a dielectric material having a refractive index n2.

A method of coating a substrate is disclosed. The method comprising the steps of that includes providing a substrate having a first surface, providing a particle based coating composition comprising particles, applying the coating composition to at least a part of the first surface of the substrate, and converting the particle based coating composition on the first surface of the substrate into a functional coating having a thickness of 50 nm to 25 μmas measured along across section in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), wherein the particle based coating composition comprises nanoparticle, and converting the particle based coating composition involves a high intensity energy source heating at least a part of the coating composition, wherein the high intensity energy source is selected from the group of certain CO2 lasers and flame arrays. Furthermore an apparatus for preparing a coating is disclosed.

The low-reflection coating of the present invention is adapted to be provided on at least one principal surface of a substrate. The low-reflection coating is a porous film having a thickness of 80 to 800 nm, the porous film including: fine silica particles being solid and spherical and having an average particle diameter of 80 to 600 nm; and a binder containing silica as a main component and containing a hydrophobic group, the fine silica particles being bound by the binder. The low-reflection coating contains 35 to 70 mass % of the fine silica particles, 25 to 64 mass % of the silica of the binder, and 0.2 to 10 mass % of the hydrophobic group of the binder. The low-reflection coating produces a transmittance gain of 1.5% or more when provided on the substrate.

A ceramic ink may include about 20% to 80% by weight oxide frit, wherein the oxide frit is particles of at least one compound selected from silica, titania, alumina, zirconia, a compound having fluoride ion, bismuth oxide, zinc oxide, boron oxide, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, lead oxide, lithium oxide, phosphorous oxide, molybdenum oxide, strontium oxide, and magnesium oxide; about 10% to 40% by weight infrared or near-infrared transmissive or reflective inorganic pigment; and about 10% to 40% vehicle.

A heat ray-shielding material including a metal particle-containing layer containing at least one kind of metal particle. The metal particle contains substantially hexagonal or substantially discoidal metallic flat particles in an amount of 60% by number or more. The main planes of the metallic flat particles are oriented at an angle ranging from 0° to ±30° relative to one surface of the metal particle-containing layer.