An article of fire rated glass and method of producing the same prepared by selecting a sheet of clear float annealed glass of at least 19 millimeters in thickness and providing the edge of the sheet substantially free of imperfections. The glass sheet is then specially tempered at a temperature of at least 575 degrees Celsius for a period of at least 750 seconds, followed by a cooling step.

A glass article contains: in mol %, more than 0% to 70% of La.sub.2O.sub.3, 0% to 80% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0% to 40% of SiO.sub.2, 0% to 80% of B.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+SiO.sub.2, 0% to 85% of Gd.sub.2O.sub.3+Ga.sub.2O.sub.3+Y.sub.2O.sub.3+Yb.sub.2O.sub.3+ZrO.sub.2+TiO.sub.2+Nb.sub.2O.sub.5+Ta.sub.2O.sub.5+WO.sub.3, 0% to 15% of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO, 0% to 35% of ZnO, and more than 0% to 5% of CuO.

A glass article contains: in mol %, more than 0% to 70% of La.sub.2O.sub.3, 0% to 80% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0% to 40% of SiO.sub.2, 0% to 80% of B.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+SiO.sub.2, 0% to 85% of Gd.sub.2O.sub.3+Ga.sub.2O.sub.3+Y.sub.2O.sub.3+Yb.sub.2O.sub.3+ZrO.sub.2+TiO.sub.2+Nb.sub.2O.sub.5+Ta.sub.2O.sub.5+WO.sub.3, 0% to 15% of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO, 0% to 35% of ZnO, and more than 0% to 5% of CuO.

Devised are a supporting substrate capable of contributing to an increase in density of a semiconductor package and a laminate using the supporting substrate. A supporting glass substrate of the present invention includes a polished surface on a surface thereof and has a total thickness variation of less than 2.0 μm.

Devised are a supporting substrate capable of contributing to an increase in density of a semiconductor package and a laminate using the supporting substrate. A supporting glass substrate of the present invention includes a polished surface on a surface thereof and has a total thickness variation of less than 2.0 μm.

The present disclosure relates to glass manufacturing, a glass composition, glass with a low inclusion content and a preparation method therefor and use thereof. The composition comprises 50-64 wt. % SiO.sub.2, 14-24 wt. % Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0-7 wt. % B.sub.2O.sub.3+P.sub.2O.sub.5, 0.5-7 wt. % MgO, 1-10 wt. % CaO, 0-9 wt. % SrO, 0.1-14 wt. % BaO, 0.1-5 wt. % ZnO, 0.1-4 wt. % TiO.sub.2, 0.1-7 wt. % Y.sub.2O.sub.3+La.sub.2O.sub.3+Nd.sub.2O.sub.3, and <0.05 wt. % R.sub.2O, wherein R.sub.2O is a sum of the content of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O and K.sub.2O, and the composition satisfies the following conditions: (1) a temperature T.sub.100 corresponding to a viscosity of 100 P is 1730° C. or higher; (2) a surface tension at 1300° C. is less than 420 mN/m. The glass prepared by the glass composition and the glass with a low inclusion content preparation method has the advantages of having low inclusion content, having a simple preparation process, being low in cost and so on.

The present disclosure relates to glass manufacturing, a glass composition, glass with a low inclusion content and a preparation method therefor and use thereof. The composition comprises 50-64 wt. % SiO.sub.2, 14-24 wt. % Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0-7 wt. % B.sub.2O.sub.3+P.sub.2O.sub.5, 0.5-7 wt. % MgO, 1-10 wt. % CaO, 0-9 wt. % SrO, 0.1-14 wt. % BaO, 0.1-5 wt. % ZnO, 0.1-4 wt. % TiO.sub.2, 0.1-7 wt. % Y.sub.2O.sub.3+La.sub.2O.sub.3+Nd.sub.2O.sub.3, and <0.05 wt. % R.sub.2O, wherein R.sub.2O is a sum of the content of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O and K.sub.2O, and the composition satisfies the following conditions: (1) a temperature T.sub.100 corresponding to a viscosity of 100 P is 1730° C. or higher; (2) a surface tension at 1300° C. is less than 420 mN/m. The glass prepared by the glass composition and the glass with a low inclusion content preparation method has the advantages of having low inclusion content, having a simple preparation process, being low in cost and so on.

A method for finishing a glass or ceramic article includes applying a force to the glass or ceramic article. The force is applied to the glass or ceramic article at least when the glass or ceramic article is at a temperature that is greater than or equal to a creep temperature of the glass or ceramic article. Holding the force to the glass or ceramic article as the glass or ceramic article is cooled to a temperature that is less than the creep temperature of the glass or ceramic article.

A glass-ceramic article includes at least one substrate, such as a plate, made of glass-ceramic, the substrate having a face including a microtexturing such that the arithmetic mean surface roughness Ra, measured according to standard ISO 4287, is between 0.14 and 0.40 μm, and the total roughness, Rt, measured according to standard ISO 4287, is between 1.15 and 5.00 μm.

Deadfront articles that include a tactile element formed on a first surface of a substrate and a visual element disposed on a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface. The tactile element is positioned on the first surface of the substrate in a complimentary fashion to the visual element disposed on the second surface of the substrate. The tactile element may include a surface roughness portion having a surface roughness different than the surface roughness of an area bordering the surface roughness portion. The deadfront articles may be incorporated into an automobile interior to provide a visual and haptic display interface for a user.