An inference method includes inferring a value that includes a stress value in a region located 50 μm or shallower from a surface of a chemically strengthened glass, by receiving as input at least a temperature and a time used upon chemical strengthening, and stress values at three or more different depth positions 20 μm or deeper from the surface of the chemically strengthened glass that has been obtained by chemically strengthening a glass having a thickness of 0.2 mm or greater with the temperature and the time.

Disclosed is a lithium zirconium-based aluminosilicate glass, comprising the following components by mass percentage: 50%-72% of SiO.sub.2, 10%-27% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0.1%-10.0% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 2%-10% of Li.sub.2O, 4%-15% of Na.sub.2O, 0.1%-5.0% of ZrO.sub.2, and 0-4% of K.sub.2O, wherein the total mass percentage of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O and K.sub.2O is ≥9%, and the ratio of the mass of Li.sub.2O to the total mass of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O and K.sub.2O is (0.22-0.48):1.

Aluminosilicate glass, chemically strengthened glass, and an application are provided. After the aluminosilicate glass is chemically strengthened, a glass substrate featuring a good mechanical strength and high chemical stability can be obtained, thereby meeting a requirement of cover glass for a glass material. The aluminosilicate glass does not include a B element and a P element, and includes at least silicon oxide, aluminium oxide, alkali metal oxide, and gallium oxide. The alkali metal oxide is at least one of lithium oxide and sodium oxide. The glass is used for production of the cover glass.

Articles and methods related to the cold-forming of glass laminate articles utilizing stress prediction analysis are provided. A cold-forming estimator (CFE) value that is related to the stress experienced by a glass sheet of a glass laminate during cold-forming is calculated based on a plurality of geometric parameters of glass layer(s) of a glass laminate article. The calculated CFE value is compared to a cold-forming threshold related to the probability that defects are formed in the complexly curved glass laminate article during cold-forming. Cold-formed glass laminate articles are also provided having geometric parameters such that the CFE value is below the cold-forming threshold.

A glass article including at least about 40 mol % SiO.sub.2 and, optionally, a colorant imparting a preselected color is disclosed. In general, the glass includes, in mol %, from about 40-70 SiO.sub.2, 0-25 Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0-10 B.sub.2O.sub.3; 5-35 Na.sub.20, 0-2.5 K.sub.2O, 0-8.5 MgO, 0-2 ZnO, 0-10% P.sub.2O.sub.5 and 0-1.5 CaO. As a result of ion exchange, the glass includes a compressive stress (as) at at least one surface and, optionally, a color. In one method, communicating a colored glass with an ion exchange bath imparts as while in another; communicating imparts as and a preselected color. In the former, a colorant is part of the glass batch while in the latter; it is part of the bath. In each, the colorant includes one or more metal containing dopants formulated to impart to a preselected color. Examples of one or more metal containing dopants include one or more transition and/or rare earth metals.

Glass-based article including a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t), and a stress profile are disclosed having a thickness (t) of about 3 millimeters or less, and wherein all points of the stress profile between a thickness range from about 0.Math.t up to 0.3.Math.t and from greater than 0.7.Math.t, comprise a tangent with a slope that is less than about −0.1 MPa/micrometers or greater than about 0.1 MPa/micrometers. Also disclosed are glass-based articles having a thickness (t) in a range of 0.1 mm and 2 mm; and wherein at least one point of the stress profile in a first thickness range from about 0.Math.t up to 0.020.Math.t and greater than 0.98.Math.t comprises a tangent with a slope of from about −200 MPa/micrometer to about −25 MPa/micrometer or about 25 MPa/micrometer to about 200 MPa/micrometer, and wherein all points of the stress profile in a second thickness range from about 0.035.Math.t and less than 0.965.Math.t comprise a tangent with a slope of from about −15 MPa/micrometer to about 15 MPa/micrometer.

A strengthened glass having a stress profile that differs from error-function and parabolic profiles. Stress relaxation and thermal annealing/diffusion effects, which occur at longer ion exchange and/or anneal times increase the depth of compression of the surface layer. A method of achieving these effects is also provided.

A curved glass manufacturing method includes: successively stacking a lower mold, flat glass, and an upper mold, thereby forming a mold assembly; moving the mold assembly to a first chamber and then heating the same; moving the mold assembly from the first chamber to a second chamber and then pressurizing the upper mold so as to move the upper mold downward, thereby molding the flat glass in a curved shape; moving the mold assembly from the second chamber to a third chamber and then slowly cooling the molded glass; and moving the mold assembly from the third chamber to a fourth chamber and then cooling the molded glass. An elastic member is arranged between the lower mold and the upper mold and configured to define a space between the upper mold and the flat glass, and the elastic member is compressed when the upper mold is pressurized.

A tempered glass manufacturing apparatus includes a loading unit for loading sheets of glass therein. A heating unit receives the loading unit having sheets of glass loaded therein. The heating unit includes first to third openings. A tempering unit is connected to the heating unit through the first opening and receives the loading unit having sheets of glass loaded therein. The tempering unit performs a tempering process on the sheets of glass when the loading unit is positioned in the tempering unit. A residual salt discharging unit is connected to the heating unit through the second opening. An auxiliary layer providing unit is connected to the heating unit through the third opening of the heating unit. The auxiliary layer providing unit includes auxiliary layers for performing a residual salt preprocessing process to increase a removal of residual salt provided on surfaces of the sheets of glass.

An embodiment provides a chemical strengthening system, including: a strengthening part in which chemical strengthening of a glass plate is performed; a heating part in which a post-heat treatment of the glass plate is performed; and a cassette in which the glass plate is loaded and which is movable between the strengthening part and the heating part. The cassette includes a lower support which supports a lower end portion of the glass plate, the lower support is rotatable with respect to an axis of rotation, and the axis of rotation does not move relatively within the cassette.