A wafer including a glass substrate is provided. The glass substrate includes a first surface defining a plane and including a surface roughness R.sub.a of approximately 0.3 nm in an outer via region and a second surface. The glass substrate defines a plurality of vias extending from the first surface. The plurality of vias each include an entrance defined by the first surface.

Gradient refractive index (GRIN) materials can include multi-phase composites having substances with differing refractive indices disposed non-uniformly within one another. Particular glass composites having a gradient index of refraction can include: an amorphous phase, and a phase-separated region disposed non-uniformly within the amorphous phase. The glass composites include a mixture containing: GeZ.sub.2 and A.sub.2Z.sub.3 in a combined molar ratio of about 60% to about 95%, and CsX and PbZ in a combined molar ratio of about 5% to about 40%, where A is As, Sb or Ga, X is Cl, Br or I, and Z is S or Se. When A is As, the glass composites include PbZ in a molar ratio of about 15% or less. The amorphous phase and the phase-separated region have refractive indices that differ from one another. More particularly, A is Ga or As, X is Cl, and Z is Se.

A glass container including a body having a delamination factor less than or equal to 10 and at least one marking is described. The body has an inner surface, an outer surface, and a wall thickness extending between the outer surface and the inner surface. The marking is located within the wall thickness. In particular, the marking is a portion of the body having a refractive index that differs from a refractive index of an unmarked portion of the body. Methods of forming the marking within the body are also described.

The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing glass sheets with diffuse finish and the resulting glass sheet by this process. The glass sheet is subjected to a series of alternate immersions in acidic solutions and alkaline solutions to remove impurities and waste and to generate a diffuse finish on both sides of the glass sheet. The process generates in the glass sheet in at least one side, a diffuse surface with a peak to valley roughness (Rt) of between 5.8343 μm and 9.3790 μm; an average roughness (Ra) value between 0.8020 μm and 0.9538 μm; an RMS roughness between 0.9653 μm and 1.1917 μm; a solar transmission between 84.8% and 46.50%; a solar reflection between 7.4 and 4.4%; a light transmission between 88.5% and 67.70%; a reflection of light between 6.50% and 5.20%; and UV transmission between 35.60% and 70.20%.

A method of forming a multi-colored glass substrate comprises: irradiating a first region of a glass substrate with a first high energy source to form a first irradiated glass substrate; and subjecting the irradiated glass substrate to a first heat treatment to form a first heat treated glass substrate, wherein the first heat treated glass substrate comprises a second region having a different transmittance color coordinate in the CIELAB color space, as measured at an article thickness of 1.33 mm under F2 illumination and a 10° standard observer angle, than the first region.

A method is provided for treating the outer surfaces of a plurality of glass bubbles. That method includes loading a plurality of glass bubbles into a processing vessel having a roughened lining and displacing the processing vessel so that the plurality of glass bubbles move against the roughened lining to thereby roughen the outer surfaces. Alternatively, or in addition, the glass bubbles are subjected to air plasma treatment to increase the surface energy of the glass bubbles.

A method is disclosed, for removal of tin deposits from a glass substrate during a float glass manufacturing process. An acidic gas, such as hydrogen fluoride, is delivered to the substrate surface using chemical vapour deposition apparatus.

An object of the present invention is to provide a chemically strengthened glass having enhanced surface strength and bending strength. The present invention relates to a chemically strengthened glass having a compressive stress layer formed on a surface layer thereof by an ion exchange method, in which a straight line obtained by a linear approximation of a hydrogen concentration Y in a region of a depth X from an outermost surface of the glass satisfies a specific relational equation (I) in X=0.1 to 0.4 (μm), and an edge surface connecting main surfaces on a front side and a back side of the glass has a skewness (Rsk) measured based on JIS B0601 (2001) being −1.3 or more.

An object of the present invention is to provide a chemically strengthened glass that can effectively suppress strength of a glass from being deteriorated even though performing chemical strengthening and has high transmittance (that is, low reflectivity). The present invention relates to a chemically strengthened glass having a compressive stress layer formed on a surface layer thereof by an ion exchange method, in which the glass contains sodium and boron, and has a delta transmittance being +0.1% or more, and in which a straight line obtained by a linear approximation of a hydrogen concentration Y in a region of a depth X from an outermost surface of the glass satisfies a specific relational equation in X=0.1 to 0.4 (μm).

A method of fabricating a high-density array of holes in glass is provided, comprising providing a glass piece having a front surface, then irradiating the front surface of the glass piece with a UV laser beam focused to a focal point within +/−100 μm of the front surface of the glass piece most desirably within +/−50 μm of the front surface. The lens focusing the laser has a numerical aperture desirably in the range of from 0.1 to 0.4, more desirably in the range of from 0.1 to 0.15 for glass thickness between 0.3 mm and 0.63 mm, even more desirably in the range of from 0.12 to 0.13, so as to produce open holes extending into the glass piece 100 from the front surface 102 of the glass piece, the holes having an diameter the in range of from 5 to 15 μm, and an aspect ratio of at least 20:1. For thinner glass, in the range of from 0.1-0.3 mm, the numerical aperture is desirably from 0.25 to 0.4, more desirably from 0.25 to 0.3, and the beam is preferably focused to within +/−30 μm of the front surface of the glass. The laser is desirable operated at a repetition rate of about 15 kHz or below. An array of holes thus produced may then be enlarged by etching. The front surface may be polished prior to etching, if desired.