An object is to develop a measurement method, and a measurement substrate, for measuring SPF or other value in a single measurement, instead of having to measure it on many substrates as has been the case to date. As a solution, a substrate for UV transmittance evaluation, including a base material that allows UV rays in a range of 290 to 400 nm to transmit through, and a layer provided on one side thereof that contains at least one type of compound other than cellulose triacetate that has a sugar skeleton but is not a salt, is provided.

Processes and methods for preparing glass panels for use with automobiles include mixing and melting glass particles. Molten glass is passed along into a lehr, where the molten glass is annealed. Annealed glass is cut into glass panels. A nozzle systems delivers compressed air to the glass panels to form a curvature for providing a top seal contact area. A nozzle system delivers a second blast of compressed air, which marks the glass panel to identify characteristics of the glass panel.

Processes and methods for preparing glass panels for use with automobiles include mixing and melting glass particles. Molten glass is passed along into a lehr, where the molten glass is annealed. Annealed glass is cut into glass panels. A nozzle systems delivers compressed air to the glass panels to form a curvature for providing a top seal contact area. A nozzle system delivers a second blast of compressed air, which marks the glass panel to identify characteristics of the glass panel.

A method for producing a high silicate glass substrate, includes: (1) obtaining a glass precursor containing, as represented by mol % based on oxides, 60% to 75% of SiO.sub.2, 0% to 15% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 15% to 30% of B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0% to 3% of P.sub.2O.sub.5, and 1% to 10% in total of at least one selected from R.sub.2O and R′O; (2) applying first heat treatment to the glass precursor to cause phase separation so as to obtain a phase-separated glass; (3) applying acid treatment to the phase-separated glass to make the phase-separated glass porous so as to obtain a porous glass; (4) drying the porous glass so that a rate of change in mass reaches 10% to 50%; and (5) applying second heat treatment to the porous glass to sinter the porous glass so as to obtain a high silicate glass substrate.

An article includes a glass ceramic that has an amorphous silicate glass phase and a crystalline phase including a species of MxWO3 with 0<x<1 and M an intercalated dopant cation. The article further includes an aperture configured to be formed via local heating of a portion of the glass ceramic to a temperature that is above the softening point of the glass ceramic. The aperture comprises constituents of the silicate glass phase and the crystalline phase but is substantially free of the species of MxWO3. A ratio of a transmittance of the aperture to a transmittance of the glass ceramic not subject to the local heating is at least 6,000 with transmittance measured in %/mm at wavelengths from 500 nm to 1100 nm.

An aqueous ion exchange strengthening method for strengthening a glass container is disclosed that includes a step of exposing a surface of a glass container to an aqueous ion exchange solution that comprises water and an alkali metal salt to coat the surface of the glass container with a coating of the aqueous ion exchange solution. The alkali metal of the alkali metal salt may be potassium, rubidium, caesium, or mixtures thereof. The aqueous ion exchange strengthening process also includes the step of heat treating the glass container in a heated environment having a temperature ranging from 125° C. to 600° C.

The present invention relates to a coating-removal device and to a coating-removal method for removing coatings at the edge of glass panes and to a method for producing glass panes for stepped-edge glass, to stepped-edge glass and to stepped-edge glass window with such stepped-edge glass.

The described embodiments relate generally to a micro-perforated panel systems and methods for noise abatement and method of making a micro-perforated panel system. In particular, embodiments relate to glass micro-perforated panel systems and methods for their construction.

An apparatus for removing a portion of a coating system present in a multi-glazed window including: a decoating component to focus a laser source at a focus distance; two motors to move the decoating component along the X and Y axis; one optical system to detect on which interface the coating system is localized, and to estimate a distance between the decoating component and the detected interface; a third motor to control the position of the decoating component along a Z axis; and a displacement control unit of the third motor to displace the decoating component of a displacement distance equal to the difference between the estimated distance and said the distance in order to focus the decoating component on the detected interface.

The invention relates to a method for treating the wall of a glass container (1), which wall delimits a cavity (4) and an opening providing access to said cavity (4), the method comprising: the dispensing of a treatment substance into the cavity, using a dispensing means (12) of which a dispensing orifice (13) is positioned some distance from the opening of the container (1) and outside the latter, the container (1) being in motion relative to the dispensing means (12), and the capturing, by an image-capturing device (16), during the dispensing, of at least one image of a spatial region including the opening of the container (1) and determining, by analysing said image, whether or not a predetermined quantity of substance was introduced into the cavity (4) of the container (1). Method and installation for treating glass containers.