The disclosure relates to glass compositions having improved thermal tempering capabilities. The disclosed glass compositions have high coefficients of thermal expansion and Young's moduli, and are capable of achieving high surface compressions. A method of making such glasses is also provided.

A glass substrate formed from a glass composition is disclosed. In embodiments, the composition comprises: from 60 mol. % to 75 mol. % SiO.sub.2; from 2 mol. % to 15 mol. % Li.sub.2O; from 1.9 mol. % to 15 mol. % Y.sub.2O.sub.3; and at least one of B.sub.2O.sub.3 and Na.sub.2O. B.sub.2O.sub.3+Na.sub.2O is from 2 mol. % to 13 mol. %. Y.sub.2O.sub.3+Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 10 mol. % to 24 mol. %. A ratio R.sub.2O/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 0.5 to 4, where R.sub.2O is a total concentration of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, K.sub.2O, Rb.sub.2O, and Cs.sub.2O. (R.sub.2O+RO)/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 0.5 to 4.5, where RO is a total concentration of BeO, MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO. The glass substrate has a Young's modulus from 75 gigapascals (GPa) to 110 GPa. The glass substrate is ion exchangeable to form a strengthened glass article.

Methods of producing a glass article include melting a first glass composition and feeding a second glass composition into the melter. Both glass compositions include the same combination of components but at least one component has a concentration that is different in each. At least three glass articles may be drawn from the melter, including: a first glass article formed from the first glass composition; at least one intermediate glass article composed of neither the first nor the second glass composition; and a final glass article not composed of the first glass composition. The concentration of the at least one component in the intermediate glass article may be between the concentration in the first and second glass compositions. The first glass article and final glass article may have differing values for certain properties, and the intermediate glass article may have an intermediate set of values for the same properties.

A method for preparing quartz glass with low content of hydroxyl and high purity, includes providing silica powders including hydroxyl groups. The silica powders are dehydroxylated, which includes drying the silica powders at a first temperature, heating the silica powders up to a second temperature and introducing a first oxidizing gas including halogen gas, thereby obtaining first dehydroxylated powders, and heating the first dehydroxylated powders up to a third temperature and introducing a second oxidizing gas including oxygen or ozone, thereby obtaining second dehydroxylated powders. The second dehydroxylated powders are heated up to a fourth temperature to obtain a vitrified body. The vitrified body is cooled to obtain the quartz glass with low content of hydroxyl and high purity. The quartz glass prepared by the above method has low content of hydroxyl and high purity. A quartz glass with low content of hydroxyl and high purity is also provided.

A glass substrate has a compaction of 0.1 to 100 ppm. An absolute value |Δα.sub.50/100| of a difference between an average coefficient of thermal expansion α.sub.50/100 of the glass substrate and an average coefficient of thermal expansion of single-crystal silicon at 50° C. to 100° C., an absolute value |Δα.sub.100/200| of a difference between an average coefficient of thermal expansion α.sub.100/200 of the glass substrate and an average coefficient of thermal expansion of the single-crystal silicon at 100° C. to 200° C., and an absolute value |Δα.sub.200/300| of a difference between an average coefficient of thermal expansion α.sub.200/300 of the glass substrate and an average coefficient of thermal expansion of the single-crystal silicon at 200° C. to 300° C. are 0.16 ppm/° C. or less.

A light source device includes: a plurality of laser diodes that includes a first laser diode for emitting laser light of red color, a second laser diode for emitting laser light of green color, and a third laser diode for emitting laser light of blue color; a substrate directly or indirectly supporting the plurality of laser diodes; and a cap secured to the substrate and covering the plurality of laser diodes. The cap includes: a first glass portion configured to transmit the laser light that is emitted from the plurality of laser diodes, and a second glass portion. At least one of the first glass portion and the second glass portion comprises an alkaline glass region. The first glass portion and the second glass portion are bonded together via an electrically conductive layer that is in contact with the alkaline glass region. The first glass portion is bonded to the substrate.

The present invention relates to a method for producing hydroxyapatite-bioglass macroporous material, to said materials, and to medical devices thereof.

The method comprises a step of preparation of an aqueous suspension of hydroxyapatite and bioglass with a porogenic agent, and subsequent sintering to achieve a macroporous biomaterial.

The macroporous structure of these materials enhances blood vessels and bone cells migration, allowing bone growth through the interior of the bone substitute, thereby increasing the rate of formation of new bone at the site of implantation. Therefore, these materials are advantageously used to produce medical devices, such as bone grafts that resemble the mineral phase of natural bone showing improved mechanical strength and osteoconductivity.

The biomaterials of the present invention are applicable in the medical area, in particular in bone regeneration and reparation techniques as bone grafts.

An antiskid and wear-resistant glaze, an antiskid, wear-resistant and easy-to-clean ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof, relating to the technical field of building ceramics, are provided. This antiskid and wear-resistant glaze is prepared by antiskid and wear-resistant particles, a printing paste and sodium tripolyphosphate. This antiskid, wear-resistant and easy-to-clean ceramic tile comprises, from the bottom up, a green body layer, an overglaze layer, a decoration layer, an antiskid and wear-resistant layer and an easy-to-clean protection layer provided in turn, wherein the antiskid and wear-resistant layer is mainly prepared by antiskid and wear-resistant particles, and the easy-to-clean protection layer is mainly prepared by easy-to-clean protection particles.

The present invention relates to a glass including, in terms of mole percentage based on oxides: 50.0 to 75.0% of SiO.sub.2; 7.5 to 25.0% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3; 0 to 25.0% of B.sub.2O.sub.3; 6.5 to 20.0% of Li.sub.2O; 1.5 to 10.0% of Na.sub.2O; 0 to 4.0% of K.sub.2O; 1.0 to 20.0% of MgO; one or more components selected from MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO in a total amount of 1.0 to 20.0%; and 0 to 5.0% of TiO.sub.2, in which a value of Y calculated based on the following formula is 19.5 or less, Y=1.2×([MgO]+[CaO]+[SrO]+[BaO])+1.6×([Li.sub.2O]+[Na.sub.2O]+[K.sub.2O]), provided that [MgO], [CaO], [SrO], [BaO], [Li.sub.2O], [Na.sub.2O], and [K.sub.2O] are contents, in terms of mole percentage based on oxides, of components of MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and K.sub.2O respectively.

A method for producing a glass ceramic includes: providing a batch of raw materials; heating the batch of raw materials until a melt is obtained, the batch of raw materials being heated at least in a plurality of sections to a temperature above T3 which corresponds to a viscosity of a molten glass of 10.sup.3 dPa*s; refining the melt, the melt being heated at least in a plurality of sections to a temperature above T2.5 which corresponds to a viscosity of the molten glass of 10.sup.2.5 dPa*s; obtaining a refined glass which is configured for being ceramized to form a glass ceramic material; and ceramizing a glass which is configured for being ceramized to form the glass ceramic material, at least one of the step of heating until the melt is obtained and the step of refining being performed with heating by way of H.sub.2 and O.sub.2 combustion.