A laminated glazing comprising a first ply of glazing material and a second ply of glazing material joined by at least one ply of adhesive interlayer material is disclosed. The first ply of glazing material comprises a sheet of glass having a first composition and the second ply of glazing material comprises a sheet of glass having a second composition different to the first composition. The laminated glazing has (i) a peripheral region extending around the periphery of the laminated glazing, the laminated glazing having a surface compression stress in the peripheral region and (ii) an edge compression, wherein the magnitude of edge compression is greater than the magnitude of the surface compression stress in the peripheral region. A method of making such a laminated is provided. A glass sheet suitable for being incorporated in such a laminated glazing is also disclosed.

A method for improving fixing effect of a ceramic strip heater is performed as follows. An electrode material is applied to each end of an upper surface of an alumina ceramic substrate by printing, followed by drying and sintering to form an electrode. A heating paste is applied to the upper surface of the alumina ceramic substrate by printing to connect two electrodes on both ends of the alumina ceramic substrate, followed by drying and sintering to form a heating filament. A glass paste is applied to a lower surface of the alumina ceramic substrate by printing, followed by drying and sintering to form a first glass layer. Another glass paste is applied onto the heating paste by printing, followed by drying and sintering to form a second glass layer, so as to arrive at the ceramic strip heater.

A feed-through element for harsh environments is provided that includes a support body with at least one access opening, in which at least one functional element is arranged in an electrically insulating fixing material. The electrically insulating fixing material contains a glass or a glass ceramic with a volume resistivity of greater than 1.010.sup.10 cm at the temperature of 350 C. The glass or a glass ceramic has a defined composition range in the system SiO.sub.2B.sub.2O.sub.3-MO.

An object of the present invention is to provide a thick film resistor excluding a toxic lead component from a conductive component and glass and having characteristics equivalent to or superior to conventional resistors in terms of, in a wide resistance range, resistance values, TCR characteristics, current noise characteristics, withstand voltage characteristics and the like. The present invention is a thick film resistor formed of a fired product of a resistive composition, wherein the thick film resistor contains ruthenium-based conductive particles containing ruthenium dioxide and a glass component being essentially free of a lead component and has a resistance value in the range of 100 / to 10 M/ and a temperature coefficient of resistance within 100 ppm/ C.

A conductive paste including (A) conductive particles, (B) a glass frit containing substantially no lead, arsenic, tellurium, and antimony, and (C) a solvent. The glass frit (B) has a remelting temperature of 320 to 360 C., wherein the remelting temperature is indicated by a peak top of at least one endothermic peak having an endotherm of 20 J/g or more in a DSC curve as measured by a differential scanning calorimeter. The conductive paste can also include at least one metal oxide (D) selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, and copper oxide. The glass frit (B) can further include (B-1) Ag.sub.2O, (B-2) V.sub.2O.sub.5, and (B-3) MoO.sub.3. The conductive paste can achieve binding at a relatively low temperature (such as 370 C. or lower) and maintains a bond strength at a relatively high temperature (such as 300 to 360 C.).

The invention relates to a process for producing a paste-like SiO.sub.2 composition using an SiO.sub.2 slip which allows simple intermediate storage and transport conditions without the processability of the slip to give the paste-like SiO.sub.2 composition being impaired thereby. According to the invention, it is for this purpose proposed that a homogeneous SiO.sub.2 base slip be subjected to a drying step to form a dry SiO.sub.2 composition and subsequently be processed further by means of a remoistening step to give the paste-like SiO.sub.2 composition, where the remoistening step comprises the addition of liquid to the dry SiO.sub.2 composition to form a paste-like kneadable SiO.sub.2 composition having a solids content of more than 85% by weight. The invention further relates to the use of a paste-like SiO.sub.2 composition as repair composition.

A nanoparticle-impregnated coating for roofs and sidings that provides for highly effective radiative cooling of a building. The coating may be vitreous enamel coating. The use of multiscale nanoparticles include one or more of titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, zirconium silicate, hexagonal boron nitride, calcium carbonate, zinc sulfide, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, yttrium orthoaluminate, calcium oxide, magnesium aluminate, lanthanum aluminate to provide one or more of a very high optical reflectance and optical emissivity, and span the entire frequency band of ground-level solar irradiation. These substrate surfaces include metal roofing and siding materials such as steel, corrugated iron, cast iron, aluminum, zinc, tin, copper as well as metal admixtures and also metal substrates with metallic coatings, or nonmetal roofing of clay, terracotta, ceramic tile, brick, fiber cement, concrete, and stone such as slate, as well as admixtures of these materials.

A glass powder contains, as a glass composition, TeO.sub.2 of 15 mol % to 65 mol %, MoO.sub.3 of 10 mol % to 60 mol %, and P.sub.2O.sub.5 of 1 mol % to 35 mol %, and is substantially free of PbO.

A method for forming a glass frit for additive manufacturing includes providing a mixture having at least one silicon (Si) compound, at least one calcium (Ca) compound, and at least one zirconium (Zr) compound; melting the mixture at a temperature of at least 1400 C.; cooling the mixture to room temperature to obtain the glass frit including at least 50 wt. % SiO.sub.2, at least 30 wt. % CaO, and at least 10 wt. % ZrO.sub.2.

Disclosed are an antimicrobial glass composition, a method for preparing antimicrobial glass powder thereof, and a household electrical appliance comprising same, the antimicrobial glass composition securing antimicrobial activity and water resistance at the same time by controlling Zn and Sn ions, which are eluted to implement antimicrobial functions, to achieve network formation by using the content ratio of a modifying oxide and a network-forming oxide. As a result, since the antimicrobial glass composition, the method for preparing antimicrobial glass powder thereof, and the household electrical appliance comprising same, according to the present invention, use an antimicrobial agent having non-elusion properties, this exhibits a remarkable effect in preventing contamination with bacterial, mold, or the like when used as a coating agent in a component group that is in contact with drinking water.