The current technology is directed to red and red-shade violet pigments with an hexagonal ABO.sub.3 structure of the form Y(In, M)O.sub.3 in which M is substituted for In in the trigonal bipyramidal B site of the ABO.sub.3 structure, and where M is a mixture containing Co.sup.2+ and charge compensating ions, or M is a mixture containing Co.sup.2+ and charge compensating ions, as well as other aliovalent and isovalent ions.

There is disclosed an antibacterial glass composition, a preparing method of an antibacterial glass coating film using the same and an electric home appliance including the same. The antibacterial glass composition according to the present disclosure and the antibacterial glass coating film using the same are applied to an electric home appliance, thereby exhibiting excellent antibacterial properties and heavy metal elution safety, and exhibiting excellent transmittance (70% or more) when applied to a transparent glass substrate.

Disclosed are: an enamel composition which has excellent cleaning functionality, and which, when used to form an enamel coating on a metal base material, ensures excellent thermal shock resistance and durability by suppressing the generation of defects caused by gas generation; a method for manufacturing same; and kitchenware using same. In addition, the enamel composition according to the present invention has excellent thermal shock resistance and durability due to having a component system in which glass-forming components and catalytic components are optimized.

A method of making a stoichiometric monazite (LaPO.sub.4) composition or a mixture of LaPO.sub.4 and LaP.sub.3O.sub.9 composition, as defined herein. Also disclosed is a method of joining or sealing materials with the compositions, as defined herein.

A method for manufacturing a motor vehicle roof incorporating a glazing, in which at least one opacifying layer of ink(s), in particular at least one layer of colored ink(s), is applied by digital printing, in particular by inkjet, over at least 40% of the surface of one of the faces of at least one glass sheet, such that the composition of said ink(s) includes at least one glass frit, and where applicable one or more inorganic pigment(s), with a D90 value for the particle size distribution of less than 2 m, and such that the ink(s) have a viscosity of between 1 and 50 mPa.Math.s, the ink(s) further including a non-stick agent and/or a non-stick component and/or at least one non-stick agent and/or at least one non-stick layer being further applied to at least one layer of ink(s) and/or to at least one glass sheet.

Borosilicate glasses are disclosed having (in weight %) 66-76% SiO.sub.2, 0-8% Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 10-18% B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0-4% Li.sub.2O, 0-12% Na.sub.2O, 0-12% K.sub.2O, 1-1.5% Ag, 1.5-2.5% Cl.sup. and 0.01-0.06% of a summed amount of CuO and NiO, wherein the glass composition is bleachable upon exposure to ultraviolet irradiation from a stable state color or shade to a lighter color or shade. Such reverse photochromic borosilicate glass compositions may be thermally darkenable. The borosilicate glasses may be strengthened via ion-exchange strengthening treatment. The borosilicate glasses may retain their reverse photochromic and thermally darkenable properties even after ion-exchange strengthening treatment.

The present invention relates to an enamel composition capable of implementing cleaning without swelling using moisture, to a manufacturing method therefor, and to cooking utensils. The enamel composition according to the present invention comprises: 20-60 wt % of P.sub.2O.sub.5; 1-20 wt % of SiO.sub.2; 1-30 wt % of B.sub.2O.sub.3; 10-30 wt % of at least one of Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and K.sub.2O; 10-40 wt % of at least one selected from the group consisting of post-transition metal oxides and transition metal oxides. Therefore, the present invention provides an enamel composition capable of implementing cleaning without swelling using moisture, a manufacturing method therefor, and cooking utensils.

A method for manufacturing a motor vehicle roof incorporating a glazing, in which at least one opacifying layer of ink(s), in particular at least one layer of colored ink(s), is applied by digital printing, in particular by inkjet, over at least 40% of the surface of one of the faces of at least one glass sheet, such that the composition of said ink(s) includes at least one glass frit, and where applicable one or more inorganic pigment(s), with a D90 value for the particle size distribution of less than 2 ?m, and such that the ink(s) have a viscosity of between 1 and 50 mPa.Math.s, the ink(s) further including a non-stick agent and/or a non-stick component and/or at least one non-stick agent and/or at least one non-stick layer being further applied to at least one layer of ink(s) and/or to at least one glass sheet.

According to one embodiment, a glass may include from about 50 mol. % to about 70 mol. % SiO.sub.2; from about 12 mol. % to about 35 mol. % B.sub.2O.sub.3; from about 4 mol. % to about 12 mol. % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; greater than 0 mol. % and less than or equal to 1 mol. % alkali metal oxide, wherein Li.sub.2O is greater than or equal to about 20% of the alkali metal oxide; from about 0.3 mol. % to about 0.7 mol. % of Na.sub.2O or Li.sub.2O; and greater than 0 mol. % and less than 12 mol. % of total divalent oxide, wherein the total divalent oxide includes at least one of CaO, MgO and SrO, and wherein a ratio of Li.sub.2O (mol. %) to (Li.sub.2O (mol. %)+(Na.sub.2O (mol. %)) is greater than or equal 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.6. The glass may have a relatively low high temperature resistivity and a relatively high low temperature resistivity.

The invention provides a method of preparing a metallization structure on a solar cell. The method includes patterning a first composition on a surface of a semiconductor substrate; and applying a second composition over the first composition. An area covered by the first composition is 5-95% of an area covered by the second composition. The semiconductor substrate is then subjected to firing conditions. The invention also provides a metallization structure formed using the method described herein.