The present document generally relates to methods and materials involved in producing tobacco or smokeless tobacco product comprising chlorate. For example, chlorate can be used to reduce tobacco specific nitrosamine content in tobacco or smokeless tobacco products.

The present disclosure provides approaches for reducing tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in tobacco. Some of these approaches include genetically engineering tobacco plants to increase one or more antioxidants, increase oxygen radicle absorbance capacity (ORAC), or reduce nitrite. Also provided are methods and compositions for producing modified tobacco plants and tobacco products therefrom comprising reduced TSNAs.

The present disclosure provides approaches for reducing tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in tobacco. Some of these approaches include genetically engineering tobacco plants to increase one or more antioxidants, increase oxygen radicle absorbance capacity (ORAC), or reduce nitrite. Also provided are methods and compositions for producing modified tobacco plants and tobacco products therefrom comprising reduced TSNAs.

Systems and methods for applying compounds, including cannabis metabolites, to plant materials and plant products are provided. Various solvents may be used to dissolve relatively pure cannabis isolates as part of the process. An immersion, a spray, and an injection method may be used to apply cannabinoids, terpenes, and other products to the plant materials and plant products.

Systems and methods for applying compounds, including cannabis metabolites, to plant materials and plant products are provided. Various solvents may be used to dissolve relatively pure cannabis isolates as part of the process. An immersion, a spray, and an injection method may be used to apply cannabinoids, terpenes, and other products to the plant materials and plant products.

At least one example embodiment relates to an oral product. In at least one example embodiment, the oral product comprises a liquid mixture. The liquid mixture includes a triglyceride and liquid nicotine dissolved in the triglyceride. At least a portion of the liquid nicotine is free-base nicotine. A weight ratio of the triglyceride to the liquid nicotine in the liquid mixture ranges from 1:1 to 9:1. At least one example embodiment relates to a method of increasing buccal absorption of nicotine in an oral product.

At least one example embodiment relates to an oral product. In at least one example embodiment, the oral product comprises a liquid mixture. The liquid mixture includes a triglyceride and liquid nicotine dissolved in the triglyceride. At least a portion of the liquid nicotine is free-base nicotine. A weight ratio of the triglyceride to the liquid nicotine in the liquid mixture ranges from 1:1 to 9:1. At least one example embodiment relates to a method of increasing buccal absorption of nicotine in an oral product.

A method for preparing nicotine-containing agglomerates includes introducing a solid particulate into a fluid bed granulator, and introducing a binder solution into the fluid bed granulator such that the binder solution contacts the solid particulate. The solid particulate and/or binder solution may be introduced into the fluid bed granulator in parts, concurrently or in series. The binder solution includes a binder material and a solvent, which may include water. Introducing the binder solution into the fluid bed granulator may include spraying the binder solution into a fluid bed of the fluid bed granulator during circulation of the fluid bed and materials therein, such as the solid particulate. The fluid bed may further include a filler material and/or an additive. The filler material and/or the additive may be introduced into the fluid bed granulator prior to, concurrently with, or subsequent to the addition of the solid particulate and/or binder solution.

A method for forming encapsulated nicotine granules (ENGs) includes heating a first mixture to form a molten mixture, the first mixture includes one or more polyols; cooling the molten mixture to a first temperature to form a cooled molten mixture; adding at least one of nicotine and one or more nicotine salts to the cooled molten mixture to form a second mixture; cooling the second mixture to a second temperature to form one or more solidified structures, where the second temperature is different from the first temperature; and fragmenting the one or more solidified structures so as to form a plurality of encapsulated nicotine granules. The first temperature may be between about 120° C. and about 200° C. The second temperature may be below a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) of the one or more polyols. For example, the second temperature may be between about 65° C. and about 200° C.

A method for forming encapsulated sweetener granules (ESGs) may include heating a first mixture to form a molten mixture, the first mixture includes one or more polyols and one or more hydrocolloids; cooling the molten mixture to a first temperature to form a cooled molten mixture; adding one or more high-intensity sweeteners to the cooled molten mixture to form a second mixture; cooling the second mixture to a second temperature to form one or more sheets, the second temperature being different from the first temperature; and fragmenting the one or more sheets to form a plurality of encapsulated sweetener granules. The first temperature may be between about 120° C. and about 200° C. The second temperature may be below a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) of the one or more polyols and the one or more hydrocolloids. For example, the second temperature may be between about 65° C. and about 200° C.