At least one example embodiment relates to a chewing gum. In at least one example embodiment, the chewing gum comprises a gum base polymer and oil. The gum base polymer includes polyvinyl acetate (PVA) in an amount ranging from 35 weight percent to 55 weight percent of the chewing gum. The oil is present in an amount greater than 8 weight percent of the chewing gum. The oil includes a triglyceride, triacetin, and nicotine or a nicotine derivative. The triglyceride is present in an amount greater than or equal to 5 weight percent of the chewing gum. At least one example embodiment relates to a method of preparing a controlled-release nicotine chewing gum.

An oral pouch product includes an outer wrapper defining a cavity and an inner filling material in the cavity. The outer wrapper includes a hydrophobic material or an elastomeric material. The inner filling material includes a dry mixture and a liquid mixture. The dry mixture includes a cellulosic material. The liquid mixture includes a triglyceride and liquid nicotine dissolved in the triglyceride. The triglyceride is included in the oral pouch product in an amount of 10% to 30% by weight based on the weight of the oral pouch product.

An oral pouch product includes an outer wrapper defining a cavity and an inner filling material in the cavity. The outer wrapper includes a hydrophobic material or an elastomeric material. The inner filling material includes a dry mixture and a liquid mixture. The dry mixture includes a cellulosic material. The liquid mixture includes a triglyceride and liquid nicotine dissolved in the triglyceride. The triglyceride is included in the oral pouch product in an amount of 10% to 30% by weight based on the weight of the oral pouch product.

A method for preparing the nicotine-containing powder includes dissolving a carrier in a solvent to form a first solution, where the carrier includes a biopolymer, a natural polymer, a synthetic polymer, a bulk sweetener, or any combination thereof; contacting the first solution with nicotine, a nicotine complex, a nicotine salt, or any combination thereof to form a second mixture; and spray drying the second mixture to form a plurality of particles that define the nicotine-containing powder. The method may further include adding at least one of a pH modifier and an antioxidant to the second mixture. When the solvent includes water, an inlet temperature ranges from 120° C. to 210° C. and an initial product temperature ranges from 25° C. to 100° C. When the solvent includes ethanol, the inlet temperature ranges from 65° C. to 180° C. and an initial product temperature ranges from 25° C. to 79° C.

A method for preparing the nicotine-containing powder includes dissolving a carrier in a solvent to form a first solution, where the carrier includes a biopolymer, a natural polymer, a synthetic polymer, a bulk sweetener, or any combination thereof; contacting the first solution with nicotine, a nicotine complex, a nicotine salt, or any combination thereof to form a second mixture; and spray drying the second mixture to form a plurality of particles that define the nicotine-containing powder. The method may further include adding at least one of a pH modifier and an antioxidant to the second mixture. When the solvent includes water, an inlet temperature ranges from 120° C. to 210° C. and an initial product temperature ranges from 25° C. to 100° C. When the solvent includes ethanol, the inlet temperature ranges from 65° C. to 180° C. and an initial product temperature ranges from 25° C. to 79° C.

The disclosure provides chewable nicotine formulations comprising an orally-acceptable nicotine salt, an orally-acceptable alcohol, flavor components, and an orally-acceptable binder in a water-permeable, water-insoluble pouch, together with methods of making and using the same.

Products containing a nicotine-polymer complex are provided herein, which can optionally further include one or more, different nicotine components. Certain such products are pouched products including an outer water-permeable pouch defining a cavity containing a composition comprising a water-soluble component capable of being released through the water-permeable pouch. The disclosure further provides methods of preparing such products.

Products containing a nicotine-polymer complex are provided herein, which can optionally further include one or more, different nicotine components. Certain such products are pouched products including an outer water-permeable pouch defining a cavity containing a composition comprising a water-soluble component capable of being released through the water-permeable pouch. The disclosure further provides methods of preparing such products.

Oral products containing a sensory agent are provided herein, wherein the sensory agent impacts the capsaicin receptors within a consumer's oral cavity, providing a spicy/hot sensation. Some such products are pouched products including an outer water-permeable pouch defining a cavity containing a composition comprising a water-soluble component capable of being released through the water-permeable pouch. Other such products include lozenges, meltable products, chewable products, and the like.

An adjustable spinal fusion intervertebral implant is provided that can comprise upper and lower body portions that can each have proximal and distal wedge surf aces disposed at proximal and distal ends thereof. An actuator shaft disposed intermediate the upper and lower body portions can be actuated to cause proximal and distal protrusions to converge towards each other and contact the respective ones of the proximal and distal wedge surfaces. Such contact can thereby transfer the longitudinal movement of the proximal and distal protrusions against the proximal and distal wedge surfaces to cause the separation of the upper and lower body portions, thereby expanding the intervertebral implant. The upper and lower body portions can have side portions that help facilitate linear translational movement of the upper body portion relative to the lower body portion.