The disclosure provides methods of preparing pouched products which includes the production of an agglomerated composition situated with a cavity of an outer water-permeable pouch. The pouched agglomerate can be dosed with a given amount of moisture, resulting in at least partial degradation and/or expansion of the agglomerated composition into powdered form. Pouched products prepared according to such methods are also described.

Compositions and methods for reducing the level of nornicotine and N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) in tobacco plants and plant parts thereof are provided. The compositions comprise isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides for a root-specific nicotine demethylases, CYP82E10, and variants thereof, that are involved in the metabolic conversion of nicotine to nornicotine in these plants. Compositions of the invention also include tobacco plants, or plant parts thereof, comprising a mutation in a gene encoding a CYP82E10 nicotine demethylase, wherein the mutation results in reduced expression or function of the CYP82E10 nicotine demethylase. Seed of these tobacco plants, or progeny thereof, and tobacco products prepared from the tobacco plants of the invention, or from plant parts or progeny thereof, are also provided. Methods for reducing the level of nornicotine, or reducing the rate of conversion of nicotine to nornicotine, in a tobacco plant, or plant part thereof are also provided. The methods comprise introducing into the genome of a tobacco plant a mutation within at least one allele of each of at least three nicotine demethylase genes, wherein the mutation reduces expression of the nicotine demethylase gene, and wherein a first of these nicotine demethylase genes encodes a root-specific nicotine demethylase involved in the metabolic conversion of nicotine to nornicotine in a tobacco plant or a plant part thereof. The methods find use in the production of tobacco products that have reduced levels of nornicotine and its carcinogenic metabolite, NNN, and thus reduced carcinogenic potential for individuals consuming these tobacco products or exposed to secondary smoke derived from these products.

Compositions and methods for reducing the level of nornicotine and N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) in tobacco plants and plant parts thereof are provided. The compositions comprise isolated polynucleotides and polypeptides for a root-specific nicotine demethylases, CYP82E10, and variants thereof, that are involved in the metabolic conversion of nicotine to nornicotine in these plants. Compositions of the invention also include tobacco plants, or plant parts thereof, comprising a mutation in a gene encoding a CYP82E10 nicotine demethylase, wherein the mutation results in reduced expression or function of the CYP82E10 nicotine demethylase. Seed of these tobacco plants, or progeny thereof, and tobacco products prepared from the tobacco plants of the invention, or from plant parts or progeny thereof, are also provided. Methods for reducing the level of nornicotine, or reducing the rate of conversion of nicotine to nornicotine, in a tobacco plant, or plant part thereof are also provided. The methods comprise introducing into the genome of a tobacco plant a mutation within at least one allele of each of at least three nicotine demethylase genes, wherein the mutation reduces expression of the nicotine demethylase gene, and wherein a first of these nicotine demethylase genes encodes a root-specific nicotine demethylase involved in the metabolic conversion of nicotine to nornicotine in a tobacco plant or a plant part thereof. The methods find use in the production of tobacco products that have reduced levels of nornicotine and its carcinogenic metabolite, NNN, and thus reduced carcinogenic potential for individuals consuming these tobacco products or exposed to secondary smoke derived from these products.

A breakable capsule such as a seamless breakable capsule useful in a smoking article or a smokeless tobacco product includes an outer shell formed of a cross-linked agar matrix including at least one filler, and an inner core surrounded by the outer shell which comprises a liquid or gel based composition of a flavorant and/or non-flavorant. The cross-linked agar matrix is reinforced with carboxymethyl cellulose that is dispersed throughout the agar matrix so as to fill empty spaces in the agar matrix and inhibit the composition from passing through the empty spaces of the agar matrix.

The present disclosure provides protein-enriched, tobacco-containing products, suitable for use as oral formulations. Products of the present disclosure typically include at least one tobacco material (e.g., a particulate tobacco material or a tobacco-derived extract), at least one protein-enriched material (e.g., a tobacco-derived protein-enriched material), and at least one sugar alcohol.

The present disclosure provides protein-enriched, tobacco-containing products, suitable for use as oral formulations. Products of the present disclosure typically include at least one tobacco material (e.g., a particulate tobacco material or a tobacco-derived extract), at least one protein-enriched material (e.g., a tobacco-derived protein-enriched material), and at least one sugar alcohol.

The present disclosure discloses Saccharopolyspora and application thereof in reducing biogenic amines, belonging to the technical field of food fermentation. Saccharopolyspora jiangxiensis J3 is screened from wheat koji and has been preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) on Apr. 30, 2020, with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M 2020104. According to the present disclosure, the strain is applied to a food fermentation system, and results show that the strain does not affect normal fermentation of food, and has an effect of reducing the content of biogenic amines in fermented alcoholic drinks, fermented food and fermented condiments, so that the strain has broad application prospects in the field of food brewing.

A nicotine oral delivery product includes a composition enclosed in a water insoluble pouch, wherein the pouch is permeable for saliva and dissolved compounds of the composition, the composition including a source of nicotine and a cellulose or cellulose derivative, wherein the cellulose or cellulose derivative is in granular form. A method of making the nicotine oral delivery product is also provided.

A nicotine oral delivery product includes a composition enclosed in a water insoluble pouch, wherein the pouch is permeable for saliva and dissolved compounds of the composition, the composition including a source of nicotine and a cellulose or cellulose derivative, wherein the cellulose or cellulose derivative is in granular form. A method of making the nicotine oral delivery product is also provided.

A nonwoven fabric for manufacturing an oral pouched product, where the nonwoven fabric is chewable to increase its liquid permeability. When the nonwoven fabric is used to form a pouch, it may thus control the release of substances from within the pouch. The nonwoven fabric can be formed by applying a diffusion restricting treatment to a base nonwoven fabric. The diffusion restricting treatment may include any of (a) incorporating a digestible compound; (b) incorporating a superabsorbent polymer; (c) incorporating a hydrophobic material; and (d) forming a deformable barrier layer.