The present invention relates to a process, methods and materials for generating fertilizers from seawater resources, especially in conjunction with seawater desalination plants. Here, we demonstrate that varying compositions of fertilizers such as nitrogen/potassium, nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium, nitrogen/potassium/sulfur, and nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium/sulfur, potassium/sulfur, potassium along with micro and secondary nutrients can directly be generated as part of the extraction process to meet the requirements of both starter and sustained phases of plant growth.

The present invention relates to a process, methods and materials for generating fertilizers from seawater resources, especially in conjunction with seawater desalination plants. Here, we demonstrate that varying compositions of fertilizers such as nitrogen/potassium, nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium, nitrogen/potassium/sulfur, and nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium/sulfur, potassium/sulfur, potassium along with micro and secondary nutrients can directly be generated as part of the extraction process to meet the requirements of both starter and sustained phases of plant growth.

The invention provides for methods, devices, and systems for pyrolyzing biomass. A pyrolysis unit can be used for the pyrolysis of biomass to form gas, liquid, and solid products. The biomass materials can be selected such that an enhanced biochar is formed after pyrolysis. The biomass can be pyrolyzed under specified conditions such that a selected biochar core is formed. The pyrolysis process can form a stable biochar core that is inert and/or resistant to degradation. The biochar or biochar core can be functionalized to form a functionalized biochar or functionalized biochar core. Functionalized can include post-pyrolysis treatments such as supplementation with microbes or physical transformations including annealing and/or activation.

The invention provides for methods, devices, and systems for pyrolyzing biomass. A pyrolysis unit can be used for the pyrolysis of biomass to form gas, liquid, and solid products. The biomass materials can be selected such that an enhanced biochar is formed after pyrolysis. The biomass can be pyrolyzed under specified conditions such that a selected biochar core is formed. The pyrolysis process can form a stable biochar core that is inert and/or resistant to degradation. The biochar or biochar core can be functionalized to form a functionalized biochar or functionalized biochar core. Functionalized can include post-pyrolysis treatments such as supplementation with microbes or physical transformations including annealing and/or activation.

A method employing a composition of bioavailable minerals directed at supplementing nutritional intake of a living plant. The composition includes the ionic mineral(s) copper and zinc in a ligand complex and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier including water, H.sub.2SO.sub.4 and (NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.4. The composition for use in the method may also include other supporting plant nutrients such as botanical extracts, urea, plant hormones, vitamins and mineral supplements necessary for plant health.

The present invention provides a method for using a new liquid fertilizer comprising potassium from a potassium source selected from the group consisting of potassium acetate, potassium formate, potassium citrate, potassium succinate, potassium propionate, potassium phosphate, organic sources of potassium, animal manure, and combinations thereof, and having a slightly alkaline pH and relatively low salt index compared to other sources of potassium for liquid fertilizer products. The fertilizer composition may further comprise additives such as sulfur, zinc, boron, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, magnesium, or a combination thereof.

The present invention provides a method for using a new liquid fertilizer comprising potassium from a potassium source selected from the group consisting of potassium acetate, potassium formate, potassium citrate, potassium succinate, potassium propionate, potassium phosphate, organic sources of potassium, animal manure, and combinations thereof, and having a slightly alkaline pH and relatively low salt index compared to other sources of potassium for liquid fertilizer products. The fertilizer composition may further comprise additives such as sulfur, zinc, boron, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, magnesium, or a combination thereof.

The invention relates to a method for producing a nitrogen-containing fertilizer from a liquid black liquor, wherein a black liquor is formed from lignocellulose-containing biomass. A majority of contained lignin constituents are decomposed into monomeric, dimeric to trimeric compounds, and at least one free alkanolamine, in particular monoethanolamine, is removed from the liquid black liquor. The black liquor is cooled to room temperature and combined with water, a defined flowable state of the black liquor being set. The flowable black liquor is supplied to a mixing device and combined with powder solids so as to form a pasty mixture which is formed into granules.

The invention relates to a method for producing a nitrogen-containing fertilizer from a liquid black liquor, wherein a black liquor is formed from lignocellulose-containing biomass. A majority of contained lignin constituents are decomposed into monomeric, dimeric to trimeric compounds, and at least one free alkanolamine, in particular monoethanolamine, is removed from the liquid black liquor. The black liquor is cooled to room temperature and combined with water, a defined flowable state of the black liquor being set. The flowable black liquor is supplied to a mixing device and combined with powder solids so as to form a pasty mixture which is formed into granules.

The invention relates to a method for producing a nitrogen-containing fertilizer from a liquid black liquor, wherein a black liquor is formed from lignocellulose-containing biomass. A majority of contained lignin constituents are decomposed into monomeric, dimeric to trimeric compounds, and at least one free alkanolamine, in particular monoethanolamine, is removed from the liquid black liquor. The black liquor is cooled to room temperature and combined with water, a defined flowable state of the black liquor being set. The flowable black liquor is supplied to a mixing device and combined with powder solids so as to form a pasty mixture which is formed into granules.