The invention provides for methods, devices, and systems for pyrolyzing biomass. A pyrolysis unit can be used for the pyrolysis of biomass to form gas, liquid, and solid products. The biomass materials can be selected such that an enhanced biochar is formed after pyrolysis. The biomass can be pyrolyzed under specified conditions such that a selected biochar core is formed. The pyrolysis process can form a stable biochar core that is inert and/or resistant to degradation. The biochar or biochar core can be functionalized to form a functionalized biochar or functionalized biochar core. Functionalization can include post-pyrolysis treatments such as supplementation with microbes or physical transformations including annealing and/or activation.

A method of producing a fertiliser composition, the method comprising: (a) providing partially decomposed organic matter; (b) contacting the organic matter with: (i) an anaerobic digestate; (ii) a source of nitrate ion; (iii) a source of ammonia; and (c) contacting the mixture obtained in step (b) with a source of carbon dioxid. Also claimed is a fertiliser composition comprising partially decomposed organic matter admixed with an anaerobic digestate, a source of nitrate ion, a source of ammonia and carbon dioxide.

A method of producing a fertiliser composition, the method comprising: (a) providing a composition comprising an amino compound; (b) contacting the composition provided in step (a) with a composition comprising carbon dioxide; and (c) adding a composition comprising cellulosic fibres to the mixture obtained in step (b).

A method of producing a fertiliser composition, the method comprising: (a) providing a composition comprising an amino compound; (b) contacting the composition provided in step (a) with a composition comprising carbon dioxide; and (c) adding a composition comprising cellulosic fibres to the mixture obtained in step (b).

A method of manufacturing fertilizer is provided. The method comprises preparing a primary mixture comprising of 80 to 90 percent in weight of crushed fish less than 100 mesh in size, 5 to 10 percent in weight of corn stalk less than 100 mesh in size, and 5 to 10 percent in weight of rice bran less than 100 mesh in size. The primary mixture is boiled at twice barometric pressure to obtain an extracted mixture. A secondary mixture is prepared comprising 86 to 93 percent in weight of the extracted mixture and 1 to 2 percent in weight of powdered, smaller than 100 mesh size, peat moss, elvan, tourmaline, zeolite, sericite, and minerals from red clay. The secondary mixture is fermented with lactobacillus.

A method of manufacturing fertilizer is provided. The method comprises preparing a primary mixture comprising of 80 to 90 percent in weight of crushed fish less than 100 mesh in size, 5 to 10 percent in weight of corn stalk less than 100 mesh in size, and 5 to 10 percent in weight of rice bran less than 100 mesh in size. The primary mixture is boiled at twice barometric pressure to obtain an extracted mixture. A secondary mixture is prepared comprising 86 to 93 percent in weight of the extracted mixture and 1 to 2 percent in weight of powdered, smaller than 100 mesh size, peat moss, elvan, tourmaline, zeolite, sericite, and minerals from red clay. The secondary mixture is fermented with lactobacillus.

Provided herein are methodology and composition for use of any nut (such as almond, walnut, or pistachio) or legume (peanut) shell and/or husk material in a growing substrate, with or without other components such as peat, perlite, or coir; for plant growth, whether it be used in its whole form or some reduced form such as, having been chipped or ground, and whether composted or not.

The present invention provides a special fertilizer for cut side slope soil remediation in high altitude areas, which is prepared by effectively compounding raw material components of a yak manure-containing compost, an organic micro multi-element fertilizer, a chemical fertilizer, attapulgite powder and sodium alginate under certain conditions. The special fertilizer has obvious effects on the aspects of improving the physicochemical properties of artificial soil at cut side slope wounds in the high altitude areas, increasing the fertilizer efficiency and promoting vegetation restoration.

A system and method for commercial production of aqueous Sargassum seaweed extract concentrate having arsenic level of around 1.32-15 mg/l; cadmium level of around 0.005-5 mg/l; lead level of around 0.2-12 mg/l; mercury level of around 0.00002-2 mg/l; and pH of around 7.4-9 is disclosed. The resulting seaweed extract concentrate can be used in plant and soil amendments, rooting hormones, other organic plant and soil amendments, organic fertilizers, adjuvants for use with organic pesticides, organic fungicides, in combinations of organic pesticides, with fungicides, and as fertilizers for agricultural, commercial and domestic use. The resulting seaweed extract concentrate can also be used to regulate plant growth, or as a plant nutrient. The method is believed to be able to prepare an extract concentrate from any high protein biomass, including Sargassum, water hyacinth or other seaweed.

The invention is directed to compositions and processes concerning efficient downstream processing of products derived from organic acids pretreatment of plant materials.