The present invention relates generally to an explosive composition comprising an aqueous emulsion of: an oxidizer component, a hydrocarbon fuel component containing emulsifier, and a bulking agent being a fuel-type waste material in a solid particulate form substantially lacking rough surfaces and sharp edges. Preferably the composition is of an ammonium nitrate based emulsion and a pelletised bulking agent. It also involves a method of providing an explosive composition to a blast site using a conventional mobile processing unit (MPU), being a truck having separate compartments adapted for holding fuel oil, dry ammonium nitrate prill, and ammonium nitrate based emulsion, where a compartment instead holds particulate waste material. It also concerns a method of blasting soft and wet ground, which comprises injecting into one or more blast holes in the soft and wet ground a sufficient quantity of the composition, and then setting off the composition.

The present invention relates generally to an explosive composition comprising an aqueous emulsion of: an oxidizer component, a hydrocarbon fuel component containing emulsifier, and a bulking agent being a fuel-type waste material in a solid particulate form substantially lacking rough surfaces and sharp edges. Preferably the composition is of an ammonium nitrate based emulsion and a pelletised bulking agent. It also involves a method of providing an explosive composition to a blast site using a conventional mobile processing unit (MPU), being a truck having separate compartments adapted for holding fuel oil, dry ammonium nitrate prill, and ammonium nitrate based emulsion, where a compartment instead holds particulate waste material. It also concerns a method of blasting soft and wet ground, which comprises injecting into one or more blast holes in the soft and wet ground a sufficient quantity of the composition, and then setting off the composition.

A gas generant composition for passive inflatable restraint systems (e.g., airbags) for automobiles is provided that comprises a melamine oxalate compound. The gas generant may be a cool burning gas generant composition that comprises a melamine oxalate compound, a co-fuel, such as guanidine nitrate, and an oxidizer, such as basic copper nitrate. The gas generant composition has advantageous combustion properties, including a maximum flame temperature at combustion (T.sub.c) of about 1700 K (1,427 C.), a linear burn rate of about 18 mm per second at a pressure of about 10 megapascals (MPa), a gas yield of the gas generant composition of about 5.7 moles/100 cm.sup.3, and a linear burn rate pressure exponent of about 0.35.

A gas generant composition for passive inflatable restraint systems (e.g., airbags) for automobiles is provided that comprises a melamine oxalate compound. The gas generant may be a cool burning gas generant composition that comprises a melamine oxalate compound, a co-fuel, such as guanidine nitrate, and an oxidizer, such as basic copper nitrate. The gas generant composition has advantageous combustion properties, including a maximum flame temperature at combustion (T.sub.c) of about 1700 K (1,427 C.), a linear burn rate of about 18 mm per second at a pressure of about 10 megapascals (MPa), a gas yield of the gas generant composition of about 5.7 moles/100 cm.sup.3, and a linear burn rate pressure exponent of about 0.35.

The present invention is directed to a novel, low-toxicity red smoke generating composition and a method of making the same, comprising at least one red dye, a coolant, an oxidizer, a non-sugar binder, and a non-sulfur particulate fuel that is also a burn-control agent having at least one particle size distribution. Preferably, the red dye comprises an anthracene or anthraquinone-based dye and the fuel comprises a sugar or mixture of sugars.

The present invention is directed to a novel, low-toxicity red smoke generating composition and a method of making the same, comprising at least one red dye, a coolant, an oxidizer, a non-sugar binder, and a non-sulfur particulate fuel that is also a burn-control agent having at least one particle size distribution. Preferably, the red dye comprises an anthracene or anthraquinone-based dye and the fuel comprises a sugar or mixture of sugars.

Inorganic fuel selected from the group of sulphocyanides of noble metals as specially copper, as well as the derivatives of urea and semicarbazide and theirs derivatives and organic fuel selected from the group of thiols with sulphur bound in the SH group or in the heterocyclic rings and the metal salts of these compounds, mostly cuprous or cupric, which are suitable for the infrared tracer compositions used in bullets. With a suitable oxidant, which is zinc peroxide, the fuel forms binary mixtures that, during combustion, emit radiation in the near-infrared region that is invisible to the naked eye. On the basis of this invention tracer compositions do not require any additional auxiliary pyrotechnic systems. They are intended for use in infrared tracers of conventional calibres of bullet ammunition.

Inorganic fuel selected from the group of sulphocyanides of noble metals as specially copper, as well as the derivatives of urea and semicarbazide and theirs derivatives and organic fuel selected from the group of thiols with sulphur bound in the SH group or in the heterocyclic rings and the metal salts of these compounds, mostly cuprous or cupric, which are suitable for the infrared tracer compositions used in bullets. With a suitable oxidant, which is zinc peroxide, the fuel forms binary mixtures that, during combustion, emit radiation in the near-infrared region that is invisible to the naked eye. On the basis of this invention tracer compositions do not require any additional auxiliary pyrotechnic systems. They are intended for use in infrared tracers of conventional calibres of bullet ammunition.

This invention relates to a thermal hydrogen generator and a process and system for generating hydrogen gas, more specifically to a process and system for generating hydrogen gas by thermally decomposing a metal hydride.

This invention relates to a thermal hydrogen generator and a process and system for generating hydrogen gas, more specifically to a process and system for generating hydrogen gas by thermally decomposing a metal hydride.