A device is disclosed for controlling a rate of gas pressure increase generated by a propellant for propelling a projectile from an upstream towards a downstream end of a gun barrel. The device includes a first surface area defined by the propellant and a deterrent applied to a second surface area defined by the first surface area, the second surface area being less than the first surface area. The arrangement is such that the second surface area defines a deterrent free third surface area of the propellant. A primer is operatively disposed relative to the third surface area such that when the primer is activated, the third surface area of the propellant is ignited. The arrangement is such that firstly, while the third surface area is burning and generating gas between the upstream end of the gun barrel and the projectile, the rate of gas pressure increase begins to propel the projectile towards the downstream end of the gun barrel. Secondly, the third surface area of the propellant while burning exposes a progressively increasing surface area of the propellant for burning together with an associated increased generation of gas, the increasing surface area of the propellant defining a concave crater, the crater having a wall which progressively increases in surface area during the burning such that the rate of increase in gas pressure continues to increase for accelerating the projectile towards the downstream end of the gun barrel.

An object of the present invention is to provide a gas generating agent having an appropriate initial decomposition temperature, generating a large amount of gas, and generating only a small amount of ammonia gas. The object can be accomplished by a gas generating agent containing a guanidine derivative represented by the following formula (1).

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Gas generating devices and methods of manufacturing and using such gas generating devices are described herein. A gas generator device may be manufactured to include a heat-generating composition that is substantially dimensionally stable during and after a gas generation reaction. The heat-generating composition may comprise one or more binding agents, a structural, physical support, or both. The gas generator device additionally includes a gas generating composition, and in some implementations, may include at least one protective layer. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the at least one protective layer is configured to undergo thermal decomposition or disintegration, using heat generated by a reaction of the heat-generating composition to allow the heat-generating and gas-generating composition to come into contact.

A gas generator, such as for a safety device in vehicles, comprises a pressure chamber which is filled with compressed gas and which is closed off from an environment of the gas generator by a membrane. The compressed gas contains a gaseous oxidant which is composed predominantly of oxygen. The pressure chamber receives a solid fuel, wherein the compressed gas is in direct contact with the fuel before the gas generator is activated. When the gas generator is activated, an igniter separated pressure-tightly from the pressure chamber triggers a conversion of the gaseous oxidant with the solid fuel, with heat being generated. The fuel is in the form of a gas-permeable fuel body made up of one or more fibers, and the molar fraction of the gaseous oxidant in the compressed gas is at least 1.1 times the amount of oxidant required for a stoichiometric conversion of the gas-permeable fuel body. A module and a vehicle safety system comprise such a gas generator.

A munition including: a casing having a first portion and the second portion; and an actuator comprising two or more pistons, each of the pistons being connected at a first end to the first portion of the casing and engaged at a second end to the second portion of the casing, each of the pistons being capable of having an extended and retracted position relative to the first and second ends, the retracted position resulting from an activation of each of the two or more pistons; wherein activation of one or more of the two or more pistons moves the first portion relative to the second portion.

A munition including: a casing having a first portion and the second portion; and an actuator comprising two or more pistons, each of the pistons being connected at a first end to the first portion of the casing and engaged at a second end to the second portion of the casing, each of the pistons being capable of having an extended and retracted position relative to the first and second ends, the retracted position resulting from an activation of each of the two or more pistons; wherein activation of one or more of the two or more pistons moves the first portion relative to the second portion.

A device is disclosed for controlling a rate of gas pressure increase generated by a propellant for propelling a projectile from an upstream towards a downstream end of a gun barrel. The device includes a first surface area defined by the propellant and a deterrent applied to a second surface area defined by the first surface area, the second surface area being less than the first surface area. The arrangement is such that the second surface area defines a deterrent free third surface area of the propellant. A primer is operatively disposed relative to the third surface area such that when the primer is activated, the third surface area of the propellant is ignited. The arrangement is such that firstly, while the third surface area is burning and generating gas between the upstream end of the gun barrel and the projectile, the rate of gas pressure increase begins to propel the projectile towards the downstream end of the gun barrel. Secondly, the third surface area of the propellant while burning exposes a progressively increasing surface area of the propellant for burning together with an associated increased generation of gas, the increasing surface area of the propellant defining a concave crater, the crater having a wall which progressively increases in surface area during the burning such that the rate of increase in gas pressure continues to increase for accelerating the projectile towards the downstream end of the gun barrel.

A device is disclosed for controlling a rate of gas pressure increase generated by a propellant for propelling a projectile from an upstream towards a downstream end of a gun barrel. The device includes a first surface area defined by the propellant and a deterrent applied to a second surface area defined by the first surface area, the second surface area being less than the first surface area. The arrangement is such that the second surface area defines a deterrent free third surface area of the propellant. A primer is operatively disposed relative to the third surface area such that when the primer is activated, the third surface area of the propellant is ignited. The arrangement is such that firstly, while the third surface area is burning and generating gas between the upstream end of the gun barrel and the projectile, the rate of gas pressure increase begins to propel the projectile towards the downstream end of the gun barrel. Secondly, the third surface area of the propellant while burning exposes a progressively increasing surface area of the propellant for burning together with an associated increased generation of gas, the increasing surface area of the propellant defining a concave crater, the crater having a wall which progressively increases in surface area during the burning such that the rate of increase in gas pressure continues to increase for accelerating the projectile towards the downstream end of the gun barrel.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to various devices, systems and methods of providing a restartable, hybrid-rocket system that uses Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and compressed air containing oxygen levels up to 40% as a propellant. Alternatively, embodiments of the present invention includes restartable hybrid rocket system that uses a heterogeneous matrix of ABS and a solid oxidizing agent in addition to compressed air as a propellant. When the ABS is exposed to an electrical potential field, the electrical field's effect on the ABS produces localized arcing between multiple layers of the ABS resulting in joule heating and pyrolysis of the ABS. The pyrolysis produces spontaneous combustion of the ABS once the oxidizer flow provides a local oxygen partial pressure greater than two atmospheres at the surface of the ABS.

A device is disclosed for controlling a rate of gas pressure increase generated by a propellant for propelling a projectile from an upstream towards a downstream end of a gun barrel. The device includes a first surface area defined by the propellant and a deterrent applied to a second surface area defined by the first surface area, the second surface area being less than the first surface area. The arrangement is such that the second surface area defines a deterrent free third surface area of the propellant. A primer is operatively disposed relative to the third surface area such that when the primer is activated, the third surface area of the propellant is ignited. The arrangement is such that firstly, while the third surface area is burning and generating gas between the upstream end of the gun barrel and the projectile, the rate of gas pressure increase begins to propel the projectile towards the downstream end of the gun barrel. Secondly, the third surface area of the propellant while burning exposes a progressively increasing surface area of the propellant for burning together with an associated increased generation of gas, the increasing surface area of the propellant defining a concave crater, the crater having a wall which progressively increases in surface area during the burning such that the rate of increase in gas pressure continues to increase for accelerating the projectile towards the downstream end of the gun barrel.