This disclosure provides systems and methods that utilize integrated mechanical vapor or thermal vapor compression to upgrade process vapors and condense them to recover the heat of condensation across multiple processes, wherein the total process energy is reduced. Existing processes that are unable to recover the heat of condensation in vapors are integrated with mechanical or thermal compressors that raise vapor pressures and temperatures sufficient to permit reuse. Integrating multiple processes permits vapor upgrading that can selectively optimize energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, process economics, or a prioritized blend of such goals. Mechanical or thermal vapor compression also alters the type of energy required in industrial processes, favoring electro-mechanical energy which can be supplied from low-carbon, renewable sources rather than combustion of carbonaceous fuels.

This disclosure provides systems and methods that utilize integrated mechanical vapor or thermal vapor compression to upgrade process vapors and condense them to recover the heat of condensation across multiple processes, wherein the total process energy is reduced. Existing processes that are unable to recover the heat of condensation in vapors are integrated with mechanical or thermal compressors that raise vapor pressures and temperatures sufficient to permit reuse. Integrating multiple processes permits vapor upgrading that can selectively optimize energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, process economics, or a prioritized blend of such goals. Mechanical or thermal vapor compression also alters the type of energy required in industrial processes, favoring electro-mechanical energy which can be supplied from low-carbon, renewable sources rather than combustion of carbonaceous fuels.

A method of reducing an aromatic ring or a cyclic, allylic ether in a compound includes preparing a reaction mixture including a compound including an aromatic moiety or a cyclic, allylic ether moiety, an alkali metal, and either ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, or a combination thereof, in an ether solvent; and reacting the reaction mixture at from −20° C. to 30° C. for a time sufficient to reduce a double bond in the aromatic moiety to a single bond or to reduce the cyclic, allylic ether moiety.

A method of reducing an aromatic ring or a cyclic, allylic ether in a compound includes preparing a reaction mixture including a compound including an aromatic moiety or a cyclic, allylic ether moiety, an alkali metal, and either ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, or a combination thereof, in an ether solvent; and reacting the reaction mixture at from −20° C. to 30° C. for a time sufficient to reduce a double bond in the aromatic moiety to a single bond or to reduce the cyclic, allylic ether moiety.

The present invention utilizes mechanical vapor compression and/or thermal vapor compression integrating compression loops across multiple process stages. A sequential network of compressors is utilized to increase the pressure and condensing temperature of the vapors within each process stage, as intra-vapor flow, and branching between process stages, as inter-vapor flow. Because the vapors available are shared among and between compressor stages, the number of compressors can be reduced, improving economics. Balancing vapor mass flow through incremental compressor stages which traverse multiple process stages by splitting vapors between compressor stages enables the overall vapor-compression system to be tailored to individual process energy requirements and to accommodate dynamic fluctuations in process conditions.

The present invention provides a production method of a 3-cyanopyrrole compound possibly useful as an intermediate for pharmaceutical products. A production method of compound (II) including subjecting compound (I) to a reduction reaction, in which the aforementioned reduction reaction is continuous hydrogenation reaction in a fixed bed reactor filled with a supported metal catalyst. A production method of compound (III) including subjecting compound (I) to a reduction reaction followed by a cyclization reaction, in which the aforementioned reduction reaction is continuous hydrogenation reaction in a fixed bed reactor filled with a supported metal catalyst.

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The present invention provides a production method of a 3-cyanopyrrole compound possibly useful as an intermediate for pharmaceutical products. A production method of compound (II) including subjecting compound (I) to a reduction reaction, in which the aforementioned reduction reaction is continuous hydrogenation reaction in a fixed bed reactor filled with a supported metal catalyst. A production method of compound (III) including subjecting compound (I) to a reduction reaction followed by a cyclization reaction, in which the aforementioned reduction reaction is continuous hydrogenation reaction in a fixed bed reactor filled with a supported metal catalyst.

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Provided herein is a process for preparing a pyridazine amine compound of formula V, and a process for preparing dichloropyridazine amine compounds of formula IVa, IVb, and mixtures thereof. Further, provided herein are dichloropyridazine amine compounds of formula IVa, IVb, and mixtures thereof, wherein the amino group is an ethylamino group.

Provided herein is a process for preparing a pyridazine amine compound of formula V, and a process for preparing dichloropyridazine amine compounds of formula IVa, IVb, and mixtures thereof. Further, provided herein are dichloropyridazine amine compounds of formula IVa, IVb, and mixtures thereof, wherein the amino group is an ethylamino group.

The present invention relates to a novel method for producing fluorinated cycloaliphatic compounds from the analogous aromatic compounds by hydrogenation with an Rh-carbene catalyst system.