Provided are a preparation method for synthesizing a pyrazolecarboxylic acid derivative of the following formula (I), which is suitable for industrial production, and an intermediate as shown by the following formula (II). The method is high in reaction yield in each step, low in waste gas and waste water and low in cost, and requires no special reaction equipment. ##STR00001##

A method and system for characterizing a chemical reaction in an exhaust after-treatment system that includes providing a first molecule that includes a chemical element that is isotopically labelled. The isotopically labelled first molecule is injected into an exhaust stream of the exhaust after-treatment system to supply the isotopically labelled first molecule to an exhaust treatment component, and second molecules including the chemical element that is isotopically labelled that are produced through a chemical reaction of the first molecule with other constituents of the exhaust stream are quantified.

A method and system for characterizing a chemical reaction in an exhaust after-treatment system that includes providing a first molecule that includes a chemical element that is isotopically labelled. The isotopically labelled first molecule is injected into an exhaust stream of the exhaust after-treatment system to supply the isotopically labelled first molecule to an exhaust treatment component, and second molecules including the chemical element that is isotopically labelled that are produced through a chemical reaction of the first molecule with other constituents of the exhaust stream are quantified.

The present invention relates to uses of vanadium to convert aldehydes and ozonides into their respective acids and/or ketones. More particularly, this invention relates to the oxidative work-ups following ozonolysis using vanadium during ozonolysis, and using vanadium to oxidize aldehydes in general. The invention also relates to methods comprising the ozonolysis of oleyl alcohol in the presence of either an acid or an alcohol.

The present invention relates to uses of vanadium to convert aldehydes and ozonides into their respective acids and/or ketones. More particularly, this invention relates to the oxidative work-ups following ozonolysis using vanadium during ozonolysis, and using vanadium to oxidize aldehydes in general. The invention also relates to methods comprising the ozonolysis of oleyl alcohol in the presence of either an acid or an alcohol.

A purified acid composition including 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid is prepared by a process including a) providing an acid composition solution of a crude acid composition in a polar solvent, the crude acid composition including 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and 2-formyl-furan-5-carboxylic acid (FFCA); b) contacting the acid composition solution with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to hydrogenate FFCA to hydrogenation products, such that the hydrogenation products contain a minor amount of 2-methyl-furan-5-carboxylic acid (MFA) or no MFA, yielding a hydrogenated solution; c) separating at least a portion of the FDCA from the hydrogenated solution by crystallization.

A purified acid composition including 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid is prepared by a process including a) providing an acid composition solution of a crude acid composition in a polar solvent, the crude acid composition including 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and 2-formyl-furan-5-carboxylic acid (FFCA); b) contacting the acid composition solution with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to hydrogenate FFCA to hydrogenation products, such that the hydrogenation products contain a minor amount of 2-methyl-furan-5-carboxylic acid (MFA) or no MFA, yielding a hydrogenated solution; c) separating at least a portion of the FDCA from the hydrogenated solution by crystallization.

A method of producing an organic compound, which contains a step of performing a deodorization step using a flow reaction in a flow passage to remove, from a reaction liquid, a malodorous material generated or remaining in a reaction step, wherein the organic compound is an industrially useful compound.

A method of producing an organic compound, which contains a step of performing a deodorization step using a flow reaction in a flow passage to remove, from a reaction liquid, a malodorous material generated or remaining in a reaction step, wherein the organic compound is an industrially useful compound.

Embodiments herein concerns the eco-friendly conversion of simple alcohols to linear or branched functionalized alkanes, by integrated catalysis. The alcohols are firstlyoxidized either chemically or enzymatically to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones, followed by aldol condensations using a catalyst to give the corresponding enals or enones. The enals or enones are subsequently and selectively hydrogenated using a recyclable heterogeneous metal catalyst, organocatalyst or an enzyme to provide linear or branched functionalized alkanes with an aldehyde, keto- or alcohol functionality. The process is also iterative and can be further extended by repeating the above integrated catalysis for producing long-chain functionalized alkanes from simple alcohols.