Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and a supported transition metal catalystcontaining molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadiumare irradiated with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum, optionally in an oxidizing atmosphere, to form a reduced transition metal catalyst, followed by hydrolyzing the reduced transition metal catalyst to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound.

The present invention relates to specific acylhydrazone compounds, their use as oxidation catalysts and to a process for removing stains and soil on textiles and hard surfaces. The compounds are substituted with a specific cyclic ammonium group adjacent to the acyl group. Further aspects of the invention are compositions or formulations comprising such compounds.

The present invention relates to specific acylhydrazone compounds, their use as oxidation catalysts and to a process for removing stains and soil on textiles and hard surfaces. The compounds are substituted with a specific cyclic ammonium group adjacent to the acyl group. Further aspects of the invention are compositions or formulations comprising such compounds.

A process, a composition, and an article of manufacture are disclosed. The process includes generating a cyclic monoterpene derivative. The generating includes oxidizing a cyclic monoterpene to generate a ketone derivative and oxidizing the ketone derivative to form a lactone derivative. The composition and the article of manufacture include a polymer having monomer repeat units derived from a lactone derivative of a cyclic monoterpene.

A process, a composition, and an article of manufacture are disclosed. The process includes generating a cyclic monoterpene derivative. The generating includes oxidizing a cyclic monoterpene to generate a ketone derivative and oxidizing the ketone derivative to form a lactone derivative. The composition and the article of manufacture include a polymer having monomer repeat units derived from a lactone derivative of a cyclic monoterpene.

Provided are a catalyst loaded with a TEMPO-type compound, and a preparation method and use thereof. The catalyst loaded with the TEMPO-type compound uses a polymer resin as a carrier, and the polymer resin is a polystyrene resin containing a chloromethyl or bromomethyl, herein the content of the chloromethyl or bromomethyl in the polymer resin is 0.5-5.0 mmol g.sup.1.

Provided are a catalyst loaded with a TEMPO-type compound, and a preparation method and use thereof. The catalyst loaded with the TEMPO-type compound uses a polymer resin as a carrier, and the polymer resin is a polystyrene resin containing a chloromethyl or bromomethyl, herein the content of the chloromethyl or bromomethyl in the polymer resin is 0.5-5.0 mmol g.sup.1.

The present invention is a liquid composition containing (A) an isoxazolium salt and water, the composition being acidic.

The present invention is a liquid composition containing (A) an isoxazolium salt and water, the composition being acidic.