Reaction mixtures for silvlating arene substrates and methods of using such reaction mixtures to silyiate the arene substrates are provided. Exemplary reaction mixtures include the arene substrate, a liganded metal catalyst, a hydrogen acceptor and an organic solvent. The reaction conditions allow for diverse substituents on the arene substrate.

Reaction mixtures for silvlating arene substrates and methods of using such reaction mixtures to silyiate the arene substrates are provided. Exemplary reaction mixtures include the arene substrate, a liganded metal catalyst, a hydrogen acceptor and an organic solvent. The reaction conditions allow for diverse substituents on the arene substrate.

A catalytic process for the metal-free functionalization of sp.sup.2-carbons is described herein. The catalytic process is suitable for forming borylated alkenes, arenes and heteroarenes and comprises the use of catalysts comprising a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP).

A catalytic process for the metal-free functionalization of sp.sup.2-carbons is described herein. The catalytic process is suitable for forming borylated alkenes, arenes and heteroarenes and comprises the use of catalysts comprising a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP).

The invention relates to a method of production of N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-2-oxo-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinane in a reaction of phosphorous oxychloride POCl.sub.3, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amine, and 3-aminopropan-1-ol in a single reaction vessel, characterized by the fact that phosphorous oxychloride and N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride are added to an inert aprotic organic solvent placed in a closed reaction vessel, in a slight molar excess in relation to phosphorous oxychloride, whereupon the mixture is cooled to temperature in the range of 15 to 10 C., and with the temperature maintained within this range and continuous stirring, the solution of 3-aminopropan-1-ol and the first portion of the auxiliary base is slowly added in an amount of 1 mole calculated as per 1 mole of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in an inert aprotic organic solvent, and subsequently, while maintaining the reaction mixture temperature in the range of 7 to 3 C. the second portion of the auxiliary base is added dropwise, in an amount required for binding of HCl released during the cyclisation reaction, and after the mixture reaches temperature in the range of 15 to 20 C. it is stirred in this temperature for a period of 5 to 25 hours, whereupon, while continuously stirring, the remaining portion of the auxiliary base is added dropwise, in an amount of 2-2.3 moles, calculated per a theoretical amount of hydrochloride released from bis(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride and released in the reaction of substitution of chlorine at the phosphorous atom in 2-chloro-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide, and without stopping the stirring, the temperature is gradually increased from 20 to 40 C., the reaction being conducted until the conversion of the substrates is complete.

The invention relates to a method of production of N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-2-oxo-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinane in a reaction of phosphorous oxychloride POCl.sub.3, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amine, and 3-aminopropan-1-ol in a single reaction vessel, characterized by the fact that phosphorous oxychloride and N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride are added to an inert aprotic organic solvent placed in a closed reaction vessel, in a slight molar excess in relation to phosphorous oxychloride, whereupon the mixture is cooled to temperature in the range of 15 to 10 C., and with the temperature maintained within this range and continuous stirring, the solution of 3-aminopropan-1-ol and the first portion of the auxiliary base is slowly added in an amount of 1 mole calculated as per 1 mole of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in an inert aprotic organic solvent, and subsequently, while maintaining the reaction mixture temperature in the range of 7 to 3 C. the second portion of the auxiliary base is added dropwise, in an amount required for binding of HCl released during the cyclisation reaction, and after the mixture reaches temperature in the range of 15 to 20 C. it is stirred in this temperature for a period of 5 to 25 hours, whereupon, while continuously stirring, the remaining portion of the auxiliary base is added dropwise, in an amount of 2-2.3 moles, calculated per a theoretical amount of hydrochloride released from bis(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride and released in the reaction of substitution of chlorine at the phosphorous atom in 2-chloro-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide, and without stopping the stirring, the temperature is gradually increased from 20 to 40 C., the reaction being conducted until the conversion of the substrates is complete.

Methods for preparing active carbonate esters of water-soluble polymers are provided. Also provided are other methods related to the active carbonate esters of water-soluble polymers, as well as corresponding compositions.

A palladium(II) complex of formula (1) or a palladium(II) complex of formula (3). ##STR00001##
Also, processes for the preparation of the complexes, and their use in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions.

A palladium(II) complex of formula (1) or a palladium(II) complex of formula (3). ##STR00001##
Also, processes for the preparation of the complexes, and their use in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions.

The present invention describes chemical systems and methods for silylating heteroaromatic organic substrates using at least alkoxide base, preferably a potassium alkoxide base and at least one organodisilane and (b) at least one alkoxide base. Both methods and compositions for affecting these transformations are disclosed.