A macromolecules containing a metal and a use thereof as a catalyst are disclosed. The macromolecules containing a metal may be obtained by causing a ligand to react with a zinc compound or a cobalt compound. The ligand has an imidazole group that is bonded to a macromolecule via a linker. The metal-containing macromolecules are highly active as a catalyst, stable, and easy to recover and reuse.

The present invention provides a method for selectively producing an alcohol by efficiently hydrogenating a lactone. The present invention is a method for producing an alcohol, the method including hydrogenating a substrate lactone represented by Formula (1), in the presence of a catalyst described below, to produce an alcohol that is represented by Formula (2).

In the formulae, R represents a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a hydroxyl group.

The catalyst comprises: metal species including M.sub.1 and M.sub.2; and a support supporting the metal species, and wherein M.sub.1 is rhodium, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, or palladium; M.sub.2 is tin, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, or rhenium; and the support is hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, hydrotalcite, or ZrO.sub.2.

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The present invention is to provide a method of producing an alkene that can further enhance the yield of an alkene, a reaction product, the method including bringing a gaseous halogenated alkane into contact with an alkaline aqueous solution in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst. The objective above is achieved by a method of producing an alkene comprising bringing in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst a liquid phase containing an alkaline aqueous solution and a water-insoluble solvent into contact with a gas phase containing a halogenated alkane that is soluble in the water-insoluble solvent.

A process of producing 1,3-butadiene includes: a first step of obtaining gases containing 1,3-butadiene by an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction of a raw material gas with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst, the raw material gas containing 1-butene and 2-butene and having a proportion of 2-butene to a sum of 1-butene and 2-butene, which is defined as 100% by volume, being not less than 50% by volume; a second step of cooling the produced gases obtained in the first step; and a third step of separating the produced gases having undergone the second step into molecular oxygen and inert gases and other gases containing 1,3-butadiene by selective absorption to an absorbing solvent, wherein the concentration of methyl vinyl ketone in the produced gases having been cooled in the second step is 0% by volume or more and not more than 0.03% by volume.

According to a method for producing a perfluoroalkadiene compound represented by general formula (1): CF.sub.2═CF—(CF.sub.2).sub.n-4—CF═CF.sub.2 (1), wherein n is an integer of 4 or more, the method comprising a reaction step of adding a nitrogen-containing compound to a solution of a compound represented by general formula (2): X.sup.1CF.sub.2—CFX.sup.2—(CF.sub.2).sub.n-4—CF.sub.2—CF.sub.2X.sup.1 (2), wherein n is the same as above, X.sup.1 is the same or different and is a halogen atom other than fluorine, and X.sup.2 is a halogen atom, the perfluoroalkadiene compound can be obtained at a high yield.

A method for producing tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane-2-carboxylate according to the present invention is a method for producing tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane-2-carboxylate, containing reacting tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]deca-3-ene in a dilute solution containing the tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]deca-3-ene with carbon monoxide in the presence of an acid catalyst, followed by reaction with an alcohol, wherein the dilute solution contains 100 parts by mass or more of a tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane isomer mixture based on 100 parts by mass of the tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]deca-3-ene, the tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane isomer mixture contains endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane (Endo form of TCD) and exo-tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6]decane (Exo form of TCD), and a constituent ratio thereof (Endo form of TCD/Exo form of TCD) is greater than 1.0.

There is described a method for the preparation of a hyperpolarised agent, wherein said agent comprises at least one —N.sup.−, —O.sup.− or —S.sup.− moiety (optionally protonated) and a secondary binding site; said method comprising: (i) preparing a fluid containing a polarisation transfer precatalyst and parahydrogen; (ii) introducing a co-ligand to interact with the transfer precatalyst to form a polarisation transfer catalyst; (iii) applying a magnetic field or radio frequency excitation to (ii), such that hyperpolarisation is transferred from parahydrogen to a target molecule; (iv) introducing a target molecule containing at least at least one —N.sup.−, —O.sup.− or —S.sup.− moiety, in conjunction with a secondary binding to form a hyperpolarised agent; wherein the co-ligand is selected from the group consisting of one or more of a sulfoxide, a thioester, a phosphine, an amine, CO, an isonitrile and a nitrogen heterocycle.

There is described a method for the preparation of a hyperpolarised agent, wherein said agent comprises at least one —N.sup.−, —O.sup.− or —S.sup.− moiety (optionally protonated) and a secondary binding site; said method comprising: (i) preparing a fluid containing a polarisation transfer precatalyst and parahydrogen; (ii) introducing a co-ligand to interact with the transfer precatalyst to form a polarisation transfer catalyst; (iii) applying a magnetic field or radio frequency excitation to (ii), such that hyperpolarisation is transferred from parahydrogen to a target molecule; (iv) introducing a target molecule containing at least at least one —N.sup.−, —O.sup.− or —S.sup.− moiety, in conjunction with a secondary binding to form a hyperpolarised agent; wherein the co-ligand is selected from the group consisting of one or more of a sulfoxide, a thioester, a phosphine, an amine, CO, an isonitrile and a nitrogen heterocycle.

A halogenated cycloalkane compound is obtained at a high conversion rate by reacting a halogenated cycloalkene compound and a hydrogen-containing gas in the presence of a hydrogenated catalyst or a catalyst having a hydrogen content of 0.1 to 1.5 mass %.

The present invention provides, a novel method for producing a compound represented by formula (I) and a novel method for producing a compound represented by formula (B) or a salt thereof, which are intermediates in the production of formula (I).